
Hafnium (Hf) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 4 and the period 6, and is having the atomic number 72. It is a ductile, lustrous, silvery-grey transition metal, which is named after Hafnia, the Latin name for Copenhagen, the city where it was discovered.
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– d block |
FAQs on Hafnium Element
Hafnium |
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‣ What does hafnium look like? Appearance: steel grey |
‣ Who discovered hafnium? When was hafnium discovered? Prediction: Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) Discovery and first isolation: Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922) |
‣ Where is hafnium on the periodic table?![]() Location: Hafnium is found in the fourth column of the periodic table, below the zirconium element. |
‣ What’s the atomic mass number for hafnium? Atomic number (Z): 72 |
‣ Hafnium symbol: Hf |
‣ Hafnium atomic weight: 178.486 |
‣ Hafnium is which block element? Block: d-block |
‣ What is the group number of the element hafnium? Group: 4 |
‣ Period of hafnium in the periodic table Period: 6 |
‣ What is the atomic radius of hafnium? Atomic radius: empirical: 159 pm |
‣ Hafnium covalent radius: 175±10 pm |
‣ What is hafnium’s melting point? Melting point: 2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) |
‣ What is the boiling point of hafnium? Boiling point: 4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) |
‣ How many electron shells does hafnium have? Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
‣ What is the electron configuration of hafnium? Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
‣ Hafnium ionization energies: 1st: 658.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1440 kJ/mol 3rd: 2250 kJ/mol |
‣ What is the phase of hafnium? Phase (at r.t): solid |
‣ Hafnium density (near r.t): 13.31 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p): 12 g/cm3 |
‣ Hafnium magnetic ordering: paramagnetic |
‣ Hafnium natural occurrence: primordial |
‣ Hafnium oxidation state: +4 |
‣ What’s the electronegativity of hafnium? Electronegativity: Pauling scale: 1.3 |
‣ Hafnium poisson’s ratio: 0.37 |
‣ Hafnium heat of fusion: 27.2 kJ/mol |
‣ Hafnium heat of vaporization: 648 kJ/mol |
‣ Hafnium molar heat capacity: 25.73 J/(mol K) |
‣ Hafnium molar magnetic susceptibility: +75.0 × 10-6 cm3/mol (at 298 K) |
‣ Speed of sound in hafnium: 3010 m/s (at 20 °C) |
‣ What is the crystal structure of hafnium? Crystal structure: hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
‣ Thermal expansion of hafnium: 5.9 µm/(m.K) (at 25 °C) |
‣ Thermal conductivity of hafnium: 23.0 W/(m.K) |
‣ Hafnium electrical resistivity: 331 nΩ.m (at 20 °C) |
‣ Hafnium hardness Vickers hardness: 1520-2060 MPa Brinell hardness: 1450-2100 MPa |
‣ Young’s modulus of hafnium: 78 GPa |
‣ Shear modulus of hafnium: 30 GPa |
‣ Bulk modulus of hafnium: 110 GPa |
‣ Hafnium CAS number: 7440-58-6 |
‣ Hafnium vapor pressure
Vapor pressure | ||||||
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P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
at T (K) | 2689 | 2954 | 3277 | 3679 | 4194 | 4876 |
‣ How many isotopes does hafnium have?
Main isotopes of hafnium | ||||
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Isotope | Abundance | Half-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
172Hf | syn | 1.87 y | ε | 172Lu |
174Hf | 0.16 % | 2 × 1015 y | α | 170Yb |
176Hf | 5.26 % | stable | ||
177Hf | 18.60 % | stable | ||
178Hf | 27.28 % | stable | ||
178Hf | syn | 31 y | IT | 178Hf |
179Hf | 13.62 % | stable | ||
180Hf | 35.08 % | stable | ||
182Hf | syn | 8.9 × 106 y | β– | 182Ta |
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