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Centrifugal force, also known as a fictitious force or pseudo force, is the apparent force that pushes an object outward when it is rotating around a center. Although it is not a real force, but rather a result of inertia, it appears to act on objects in a rotating reference frame. For instance, when you take a sharp turn in a car, you feel pushed outward against the car door. This sensation is due to your body’s inertia trying to keep you moving in a straight line while the car turns. In reality, it is the car exerting a centripetal force on you, pulling you inward. Centrifugal force is often observed in scenarios involving circular motion, such as amusement park rides and the spinning of a washing machine drum.
The equation for centrifugal force (Fcf) in a rotating reference frame is given by:
$$F_{cf} = \frac{mv^{2}}{r}$$where m is the mass of the object, v is the velocity of the object, and r is the radius of the circular path. This equation is similar to that of centripetal force, showing that centrifugal force is the apparent force felt in a rotating system, acting outward from the center of rotation.
Practice problems
Problem #1
Determine the centrifugal force acting on a scooter weighing 80 kg as it moves in a circular path with a radius of 16 m and a velocity of 2 m/s.
Solution
Given data:
- Centrifugal force acting on a scooter, Fc = ?
- Mass of a scooter, m = 80 kg
- Radius of a circular path, r = 16 m
- Velocity of a scooter, v = 2 m/s
Applying the formula:
- Fc = (m × v2) ÷ r
- Fc = [80 × (2)2] ÷ 16
- Fc = 320 ÷ 16
- Fc = 20 N
Therefore, the centrifugal force acting on a scooter is 20 N.
Problem #2
Calculate the centrifugal force acting on a bike weighing 150 kg, which moves with a velocity of 1 km/h in a circular path of radius 5 m.
Solution
Given data:
- Centrifugal force acting on a bike, Fc = ?
- Mass of a bike, m = 150 kg
- Velocity of a bike, v = 1 km/h = 0.27 m/s
- Radius of a circular path, r = 5 m
Applying the formula:
- Fc = (m × v2) ÷ r
- Fc = [150 × (0.27)2] ÷ 5
- Fc = 10.935 ÷ 5
- Fc = 2.18 N
Therefore, the centrifugal force acting on a bike is 2.18 N.
Problem #3
Find the centrifugal force acting on a girl weighing 24 kg who is enjoying a carousel ride. The girl sits on a carousel rotating in a circular path with a radius of 8 m and a velocity of 1 m/s.
Solution
Given data:
- Centrifugal force acting on a girl, Fc = ?
- Mass of a girl, m = 24 kg
- Radius of a circular path, r = 8 m
- Velocity of a girl, v = 1 m/s
Applying the formula:
- Fc = (m × v2) ÷ r
- Fc = [24 × (1)2] ÷ 8
- Fc = 24 ÷ 8
- Fc = 3 N
Therefore, the centrifugal force acting on a girl is 3 N.
Problem #4
Determine the centrifugal force acting on a bus weighing 700 kg as it moves in a circular path with a velocity of 0.8 km/h. The radius of the circular path is 8 m.
Solution
Given data:
- Centrifugal force acting on a bus, Fc = ?
- Mass of a bus, m = 700 kg
- Velocity of a bus, v = 0.8 km/h = 0.22 m/s
- Radius of a circular path, r = 8 m
Applying the formula:
- Fc = (m × v2) ÷ r
- Fc = [700 × (0.22)2] ÷ 8
- Fc = 33.88 ÷ 8
- Fc = 4.23 N
Therefore, the centrifugal force acting on a bus is 4.23 N.
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More topics
- Compression (physics)
- Net force
- Magnetism
- Centripetal force
- Centrifugal force
- Spring force
- Tension (physics)
- Electric force
External links
- Centrifugal Force Calculator – Omni Calculator
- Centrifugal Force Equations and Calculator – Engineers Edge
- Centrifugal Force Calculator – CalcTool
- Centrifugal force – Wikipedia
- Centripetal and Centrifugal Acceleration Force – The Engineering ToolBox
- Centrifugal Force: Definition, Formula & Units – Vaia
- What is the formula for centrifugal force? – Quora
- Centripetal Force: Definition, Formula & Examples – Study.com
- How to Calculate Centrifugal Force – Sciencing
- Centrifugal Force – an overview – ScienceDirect
- Centrifugal Force: Definition, Examples, and Equation – Science Facts
- Centrifugal force | Definition, Examples, & Facts – Britannica
- What Are Centrifugal & Centripetal Forces? – Live Science
- Centrifugal Force Calculator – Calculator Academy
- Centrifugal Force Caused by Inertia by Ron Kurtus – School for Champions
Deep
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