Californium Bohr model

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In the californium Bohr model, a nucleus with 98 protons and 153 neutrons is at the core. Orbiting this nucleus are seven electron shells, housing a total of 98 electrons.

To draw the californium Bohr model, represent the 98 protons, 153 neutrons, and 98 electrons. Begin by sketching the nucleus, and then draw the seven electron shells. The first six shells should contain 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, and 8 electrons, respectively, while the seventh shell holds the remaining 2 electrons.

Steps

Write protons, neutrons, and electrons of californium atom

Californium has 98 protons, 153 neutrons, and 98 electrons.

Learn how to find: Californium protons neutrons electrons

Draw nucleus of californium atom

The nucleus of a californium atom contains 98 protons and 153 neutrons. So draw the nucleus of californium atom as follows:

Now in the next step, draw the 1^st electron shell and start marking electrons.

Draw 1^st electron shell

Remember that we have a total of 98 electrons.

The 1^st electron shell (containing s subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 2 electrons. So draw the 1^st electron shell as follows:

In the above image, 1 represents the 1^st electron shell that contains 1s subshell. And the green color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 1^st electron shell has a total of 2 electrons.

Since we have already used 2 electrons in the 1^st electron shell, now we have 98 – 2 = 96 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 2^nd electron shell.

Draw 2^nd electron shell

The 2^nd electron shell (containing s subshell and p subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 8 electrons. So draw the 2^nd electron shell as follows:

In the above image, 2 represents the 2^nd electron shell that contains 2s and 2p subshells. And the green and orange color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 2^nd electron shell has a total of 8 electrons.

Now we have already used 10 electrons in 1^st and 2^nd electron shells, so we have 98 – 10 = 88 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 3^rd electron shell.

Draw 3^rd electron shell

The 3^rd electron shell (containing s subshell, p subshell, and d subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 18 electrons. So draw the 3^rd electron shell as follows:

In the above image, 3 represents the 3^rd electron shell that contains 3s, 3p, and 3d subshells. And the green, orange, and pink color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 3^rd electron shell has a total of 18 electrons.

Now we have already used 28 electrons in 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd electron shells, so we have 98 – 28 = 70 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 4^th electron shell.

Draw 4^th electron shell

The 4^th electron shell (containing s subshell, p subshell, d subshell, and f subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 32 electrons. So draw the 4^th electron shell as follows:

In the above image, 4 represents the 4^th electron shell that contains 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f subshells. And the green, orange, pink, and blue color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 4^th electron shell has a total of 32 electrons.

Now we have already used 60 electrons in 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th electron shells, so we have 98 – 60 = 38 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 5^th electron shell.

Draw 5^th electron shell

The 5^th electron shell can hold up to a maximum of 50 electrons. So draw the 5^th electron shell as follows:

In the above image, 5 represents the 5^th electron shell that contains 5s, 5p, 5d, and 5f subshells. And the green, orange, pink, and blue color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 5^th electron shell has a total of 28 electrons.

In the 5^th electron shell, the 5f subshell has only ten electrons. This is because according to the aufbau principle, the 6s subshell is filled first and then 4f, 5d, 6p… and so on.

Now we have already used 88 electrons in 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^th electron shells, so we have 98 – 88 = 10 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 5^th electron shell.

Still have a question: Why does the 5f subshell have only ten electrons?

Let’s draw the orbital diagram of californium, and find the answer to the above question.

Answer: Once the 7s subshell is completely filled, then only we can mark electrons in the 5f subshell. That’s why in the 5^th electron shell, the 5f subshell has only ten electrons.

Draw 6^th electron shell

The 6^th electron shell can hold up to a maximum of 72 electrons. So draw the 6^th electron shell as follows:

In the above image, 6 represents the 6^th electron shell that contains 6s and 6p subshells. And the green and orange color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 6^th electron shell has a total of 8 electrons.

The 6^th electron shell contains only 6s and 6p subshells, and not 6d and 6f subshells. This is because according to the aufbau principle, the 7s subshell is filled first and then 5f, 6d, 7p… and so on.

Now we have already used 96 electrons in 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, and 6^th electron shells, so we have 98 – 96 = 2 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 7^th electron shell.

Draw 7^th electron shell

The 7^th electron shell can hold up to a maximum of 98 electrons. So draw the 7^th electron shell as follows:

In the above image, 7 represents the 7^th electron shell that contains 7s subshell. And the green color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 7^th electron shell has a total of 2 electrons.

That’s it! This is the final Bohr model of californium atom as we have used all 98 electrons: 2 electrons in the 1^st electron shell, 8 electrons in the 2^nd electron shell, 18 electrons in the 3^rd electron shell, 32 electrons in the 4^th electron shell, 28 electrons in the 5^th electron shell, 8 electrons in the 6^th electron shell, and 2 electrons in the 7^th electron shell.

Next: Einsteinium Bohr model

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Related

• Californium

More topics

• Californium electron configuration
• Californium protons neutrons electrons

External links

• File:98 californium (Cf) enhanced Bohr model copy.png – Wikimedia Commons
• Chemical Elements.com – Californium (Cf) – Chemical Elements.com
• What is the Bohr model for Californium? – Topblogtenz
• Californium (Cf) – Periodic Table – ChemicalAid