In the californium Bohr model, a nucleus with 98 protons and 153 neutrons is at the core. Orbiting this nucleus are seven electron shells, housing a total of 98 electrons.
To draw the californium Bohr model, represent the 98 protons, 153 neutrons, and 98 electrons. Begin by sketching the nucleus, and then draw the seven electron shells. The first six shells should contain 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, and 8 electrons, respectively, while the seventh shell holds the remaining 2 electrons.
Steps
Write protons, neutrons, and electrons of californium atom
Californium has 98 protons, 153 neutrons, and 98 electrons.
Learn how to find: Californium protons neutrons electrons
Draw nucleus of californium atom
The nucleus of a californium atom contains 98 protons and 153 neutrons. So draw the nucleus of californium atom as follows:
Now in the next step, draw the 1st electron shell and start marking electrons.
Draw 1st electron shell
Remember that we have a total of 98 electrons.
The 1st electron shell (containing s subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 2 electrons. So draw the 1st electron shell as follows:
In the above image, 1 represents the 1st electron shell that contains 1s subshell. And the green color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 1st electron shell has a total of 2 electrons.
Since we have already used 2 electrons in the 1st electron shell, now we have 98 – 2 = 96 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 2nd electron shell.
Draw 2nd electron shell
The 2nd electron shell (containing s subshell and p subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 8 electrons. So draw the 2nd electron shell as follows:
In the above image, 2 represents the 2nd electron shell that contains 2s and 2p subshells. And the green and orange color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 2nd electron shell has a total of 8 electrons.
Now we have already used 10 electrons in 1st and 2nd electron shells, so we have 98 – 10 = 88 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 3rd electron shell.
Draw 3rd electron shell
The 3rd electron shell (containing s subshell, p subshell, and d subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 18 electrons. So draw the 3rd electron shell as follows:
In the above image, 3 represents the 3rd electron shell that contains 3s, 3p, and 3d subshells. And the green, orange, and pink color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 3rd electron shell has a total of 18 electrons.
Now we have already used 28 electrons in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd electron shells, so we have 98 – 28 = 70 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 4th electron shell.
Draw 4th electron shell
The 4th electron shell (containing s subshell, p subshell, d subshell, and f subshell) can hold up to a maximum of 32 electrons. So draw the 4th electron shell as follows:
In the above image, 4 represents the 4th electron shell that contains 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f subshells. And the green, orange, pink, and blue color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 4th electron shell has a total of 32 electrons.
Now we have already used 60 electrons in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th electron shells, so we have 98 – 60 = 38 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 5th electron shell.
Draw 5th electron shell
The 5th electron shell can hold up to a maximum of 50 electrons. So draw the 5th electron shell as follows:
In the above image, 5 represents the 5th electron shell that contains 5s, 5p, 5d, and 5f subshells. And the green, orange, pink, and blue color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 5th electron shell has a total of 28 electrons.
In the 5th electron shell, the 5f subshell has only ten electrons. This is because according to the aufbau principle, the 6s subshell is filled first and then 4f, 5d, 6p… and so on.
Now we have already used 88 electrons in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th electron shells, so we have 98 – 88 = 10 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 5th electron shell.
Still have a question: Why does the 5f subshell have only ten electrons?
Let’s draw the orbital diagram of californium, and find the answer to the above question.
Answer: Once the 7s subshell is completely filled, then only we can mark electrons in the 5f subshell. That’s why in the 5th electron shell, the 5f subshell has only ten electrons.
Draw 6th electron shell
The 6th electron shell can hold up to a maximum of 72 electrons. So draw the 6th electron shell as follows:
In the above image, 6 represents the 6th electron shell that contains 6s and 6p subshells. And the green and orange color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 6th electron shell has a total of 8 electrons.
The 6th electron shell contains only 6s and 6p subshells, and not 6d and 6f subshells. This is because according to the aufbau principle, the 7s subshell is filled first and then 5f, 6d, 7p… and so on.
Now we have already used 96 electrons in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th electron shells, so we have 98 – 96 = 2 electrons left. So in the next step, we have to draw the 7th electron shell.
Draw 7th electron shell
The 7th electron shell can hold up to a maximum of 98 electrons. So draw the 7th electron shell as follows:
In the above image, 7 represents the 7th electron shell that contains 7s subshell. And the green color represents the number of electrons in that subshell. This means that the 7th electron shell has a total of 2 electrons.
That’s it! This is the final Bohr model of californium atom as we have used all 98 electrons: 2 electrons in the 1st electron shell, 8 electrons in the 2nd electron shell, 18 electrons in the 3rd electron shell, 32 electrons in the 4th electron shell, 28 electrons in the 5th electron shell, 8 electrons in the 6th electron shell, and 2 electrons in the 7th electron shell.
Next: Einsteinium Bohr model
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External links
- File:98 californium (Cf) enhanced Bohr model copy.png – Wikimedia Commons
- Chemical Elements.com – Californium (Cf) – Chemical Elements.com
- What is the Bohr model for Californium? – Topblogtenz
- Californium (Cf) – Periodic Table – ChemicalAid
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Learnool.com was founded by Deep Rana, who is a mechanical engineer by profession and a blogger by passion. He has a good conceptual knowledge on different educational topics and he provides the same on this website. He loves to learn something new everyday and believes that the best utilization of free time is developing a new skill.