XeO3 Lewis structure

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XeO₃ (xenon trioxide) has one xenon atom and three oxygen atoms.

In the XeO₃ Lewis structure, there are three double bonds around the xenon atom, with three oxygen atoms attached to it. Each oxygen atom has two lone pairs, and the xenon atom has one lone pair.

Steps

Use these steps to correctly draw the XeO₃ Lewis structure:

#1 First draw a rough sketch
#2 Mark lone pairs on the atoms
#3 Calculate and mark formal charges on the atoms, if required
#4 Convert lone pairs of the atoms, and minimize formal charges
#5 Repeat step 4 if needed, until all charges are minimized, to get a stable Lewis structure

Let’s discuss each step in more detail.

#1 First draw a rough sketch

• First, determine the total number of valence electrons

In the periodic table, xenon lies in group 18, and oxygen lies in group 16.

Hence, xenon has eight valence electrons and oxygen has six valence electrons.

Since XeO₃ has one xenon atom and three oxygen atoms, so…

Valence electrons of one xenon atom = 8 × 1 = 8
Valence electrons of three oxygen atoms = 6 × 3 = 18

And the total valence electrons = 8 + 18 = 26

Learn how to find: Oxygen valence electrons

• Second, find the total electron pairs

We have a total of 26 valence electrons. And when we divide this value by two, we get the value of total electron pairs.

Total electron pairs = total valence electrons ÷ 2

So the total electron pairs = 26 ÷ 2 = 13

• Third, determine the central atom

We have to place the least electronegative atom at the center.

Since xenon is less electronegative than oxygen, assume that the central atom is xenon.

Therefore, place xenon in the center and oxygens on either side.

• And finally, draw the rough sketch

#2 Mark lone pairs on the atoms

Here, we have a total of 13 electron pairs. And three Xe — O bonds are already marked. So we have to only mark the remaining ten electron pairs as lone pairs on the sketch.

Also remember that xenon is a period 5 element, so it can keep more than 8 electrons in its last shell. And oxygen is a period 2 element, so it can not keep more than 8 electrons in its last shell.

Always start to mark the lone pairs from outside atoms. Here, the outside atoms are oxygens.

So for each oxygen, there are three lone pairs, and for xenon, there is one lone pair.

Mark the lone pairs on the sketch as follows:

#3 Calculate and mark formal charges on the atoms, if required

Use the following formula to calculate the formal charges on atoms:

Formal charge = valence electrons – nonbonding electrons – ½ bonding electrons

For xenon atom, formal charge = 8 – 2 – ½ (6) = +3

For each oxygen atom, formal charge = 6 – 6 – ½ (2) = -1

Here, both xenon and oxygen atoms have charges, so mark them on the sketch as follows:

The above structure is not a stable Lewis structure because both xenon and oxygen atoms have charges. Therefore, reduce the charges (as below) by converting lone pairs to bonds.

#4 Convert lone pairs of the atoms, and minimize formal charges

Convert a lone pair of the oxygen atom to make a new Xe — O bond with the xenon atom as follows:

#5 Repeating step 4 to get a stable Lewis structure

Since there are charges on xenon and oxygen atoms, again convert a lone pair of the oxygen atom to make a new Xe — O bond with the xenon atom as follows:

#6 Minimize charges again

There are still charges on xenon and oxygen atoms, so again convert a lone pair of the oxygen atom to make a new Xe — O bond with the xenon atom as follows:

In the above structure, you can see that the central atom (xenon) forms an octet. And the outside atoms (oxygens) also form an octet. Hence, the octet rule is satisfied.

Also, the above structure is more stable than the previous structures. Therefore, this structure is the stable Lewis structure of XeO₃.

Next: PBr₃ Lewis structure

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External links

• https://topblogtenz.com/xeo3-lewis-structure-molecular-geometry-polar-or-nonpolar-hybridization/
• https://lambdageeks.com/xeo3-lewis-structure/
• https://www.thegeoexchange.org/chemistry/bonding/Lewis-Structures/XeO3-lewis-structure.html