BrF5 Lewis structure

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BrF5 Lewis Structure
BrF5 Lewis structure

BrF5 (bromine pentafluoride) has one bromine atom and five fluorine atoms.

In the BrF5 Lewis structure, there are five single bonds around the bromine atom, with five fluorine atoms attached to it. Each fluorine atom has three lone pairs, and the bromine atom has one lone pair.

Steps

Use these steps to correctly draw the BrF5 Lewis structure:

#1 First draw a rough sketch
#2 Mark lone pairs on the atoms
#3 Calculate and mark formal charges on the atoms, if required

Let’s discuss each step in more detail.

#1 First draw a rough sketch

  • First, determine the total number of valence electrons
Periodic table

In the periodic table, both bromine and fluorine lie in group 17.

Hence, both bromine and fluorine have seven valence electrons.

Since BrF5 has one bromine atom and five fluorine atoms, so…

Valence electrons of one bromine atom = 7 × 1 = 7
Valence electrons of five fluorine atoms = 7 × 5 = 35

And the total valence electrons = 7 + 35 = 42

  • Second, find the total electron pairs

We have a total of 42 valence electrons. And when we divide this value by two, we get the value of total electron pairs.

Total electron pairs = total valence electrons ÷ 2

So the total electron pairs = 42 ÷ 2 = 21

  • Third, determine the central atom

We have to place the least electronegative atom at the center.

Since bromine is less electronegative than fluorine, assume that the central atom is bromine.

Therefore, place bromine in the center and fluorines on either side.

  • And finally, draw the rough sketch
BrF5 Lewis Structure (Step 1)
Rough sketch of BrF5 Lewis structure

#2 Mark lone pairs on the atoms

Here, we have a total of 21 electron pairs. And five Br — F bonds are already marked. So we have to only mark the remaining sixteen electron pairs as lone pairs on the sketch.

Also remember that bromine is a period 4 element, so it can keep more than 8 electrons in its last shell. And fluorine is a period 2 element, so it can not keep more than 8 electrons in its last shell.

Always start to mark the lone pairs from outside atoms. Here, the outside atoms are fluorines.

So for each fluorine, there are three lone pairs, and for bromine, there is one lone pair.

Mark the lone pairs on the sketch as follows:

BrF5 Lewis Structure (Step 2)
Lone pairs marked, and got the stable Lewis structure of BrF5

#3 Calculate and mark formal charges on the atoms, if required

Use the following formula to calculate the formal charges on atoms:

Formal charge = valence electrons – nonbonding electrons – ½ bonding electrons

For bromine atom, formal charge = 7 – 2 – ½ (10) = 0

For each fluorine atom, formal charge = 7 – 6 – ½ (2) = 0

Here, both bromine and fluorine atoms do not have charges, so no need to mark the charges.

In the above structure, you can see that the central atom (bromine) forms an octet. And the outside atoms (fluorines) also form an octet. Hence, the octet rule is satisfied.

Therefore, this structure is the stable Lewis structure of BrF5.

Next: NCl3 Lewis structure

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Deep

Learnool.com was founded by Deep Rana, who is a mechanical engineer by profession and a blogger by passion. He has a good conceptual knowledge on different educational topics and he provides the same on this website. He loves to learn something new everyday and believes that the best utilization of free time is developing a new skill.

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