Plutonium Orbital Diagram

The orbital diagram of plutonium shows that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2p subshell has 6 electrons, the 3s subshell has 2 electrons, the 3p subshell has 6 electrons, the 4s subshell has 2 electrons, the 3d subshell has 10 electrons, the 4p subshell has 6 electrons, the 5s subshell has 2 electrons, the 4d subshell has 10 electrons, the 5p subshell has 6 electrons, the 6s subshell has 2 electrons, the 4f subshell has 4 electrons, the 5d subshell has 10 electrons, the 6p subshell has 6 electrons, the 7s subshell has 2 electrons, and the 5f subshell has 6 electrons.

Steps

Here’s how you can draw the orbital diagram of plutonium step by step.

Step #1: find electrons of plutonium
Step #2: write electron configuration of plutonium
Step #3: draw orbital diagram of plutonium

Let’s break down each step in detail.

#1 Find Electrons of Plutonium

The atomic number of plutonium represents the total number of electrons of plutonium. Since the atomic number of plutonium is 94, the total electrons of plutonium are 94.

#2 Write Electron Configuration of Plutonium

The electron configuration of plutonium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f⁶.

Now in the next step, start drawing the orbital diagram for plutonium.

#3 Draw Orbital Diagram of Plutonium

Before drawing the orbital diagram, you should know the three general rules.

• Aufbau principle – electrons are first filled in lowest energy orbital and then in higher energy orbital
• Pauli exclusion principle – two electrons with the same spin can not occupy the same orbital
• Hund’s rule – each orbital should be first filled with one electron before being paired with a second electron

Also, you should know the number of orbitals in each subshell.

We can calculate the number of orbitals in each subshell using the formula: 2ℓ + 1

Where, ℓ = azimuthal quantum number of the subshell

For s subshell, ℓ = 0
For p subshell, ℓ = 1
For d subshell, ℓ = 2
For f subshell, ℓ = 3

So each s subshell has one orbital, each p subshell has three orbitals, each d subshell has five orbitals, and each f subshell has seven orbitals.

Now start to draw!

As mentioned above, the electron configuration of plutonium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f⁶. Hence, draw the blank orbital diagram of plutonium up to 5f subshell as follows:

In the above orbital diagram, the box represents an orbital. Each orbital has a capacity of two electrons. And the arrows (↑↓) are drawn inside the box to represent electrons.

Now 1s² indicates that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons. So draw two arrows in the 1s box showing two electrons as follows:

2s² indicates that the 2s subshell has 2 electrons. So draw two arrows in the 2s box showing two electrons as follows:

2p⁶ indicates that the 2p subshell has 6 electrons. So draw six arrows in the 2p box showing six electrons as follows:

3s² indicates that the 3s subshell has 2 electrons. So draw two arrows in the 3s box showing two electrons as follows:

3p⁶ indicates that the 3p subshell has 6 electrons. So draw six arrows in the 3p box showing six electrons as follows:

4s² indicates that the 4s subshell has 2 electrons. So draw two arrows in the 4s box showing two electrons as follows:

3d¹⁰ indicates that the 3d subshell has 10 electrons. So draw ten arrows in the 3d box showing ten electrons as follows:

4p⁶ indicates that the 4p subshell has 6 electrons. So draw six arrows in the 4p box showing six electrons as follows:

5s² indicates that the 5s subshell has 2 electrons. So draw two arrows in the 5s box showing two electrons as follows:

4d¹⁰ indicates that the 4d subshell has 10 electrons. So draw ten arrows in the 4d box showing ten electrons as follows:

5p⁶ indicates that the 5p subshell has 6 electrons. So draw six arrows in the 5p box showing six electrons as follows:

6s² indicates that the 6s subshell has 2 electrons. So draw two arrows in the 6s box showing two electrons as follows:

4f¹⁴ indicates that the 4f subshell has 14 electrons. So draw fourteen arrows in the 4f box showing fourteen electrons as follows:

5d¹⁰ indicates that the 5d subshell has 10 electrons. So draw ten arrows in the 5d box showing ten electrons as follows:

6p⁶ indicates that the 6p subshell has 6 electrons. So draw six arrows in the 6p box showing six electrons as follows:

7s² indicates that the 7s subshell has 2 electrons. So draw two arrows in the 7s box showing two electrons as follows:

5f⁶ indicates that the 5f subshell has 6 electrons. So draw six arrows in the 5f box showing six electrons as follows:

That’s it! This is the final orbital diagram of plutonium as we have used all 94 electrons.

Next: Hydrogen Orbital Diagram

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Related:

• Periodic Table

Also Read:

• Plutonium Element
• Plutonium Bohr Model