Second law of thermodynamics

The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. The second law of thermodynamics states that in all spontaneous processes, the total entropy of the system and its surroundings always increases, and the entropy change of the universe cannot be negative. This law also indicates that heat flows spontaneously from a hotter object to a colder … Read more

First law of thermodynamics

The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. The first law of thermodynamics is a statement derived from the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed from one form to another. This means that in a closed system, the total energy … Read more

Gay-Lussac’s law

The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. Gay-Lussac’s law, also known as the pressure-temperature law, states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. In other words, as the temperature of a gas increases, so does its pressure, and vice versa, provided … Read more

Charles’s law

The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. Charles’s law states that, at constant pressure, the volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. This means that as the temperature of the gas increases, its volume increases, and as the temperature of the gas decreases, its volume decreases. Examples … Read more

Boyle’s law

The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. Boyle’s law states that, at a constant temperature, the pressure of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This means that as the volume of the gas decreases, its pressure increases, and as its volume increases, its pressure decreases. Examples Syringe When the … Read more

Hooke’s law equation

Update: This page’s content is moving to a new address in the upcoming months. The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. The Hooke’s law equation, Fs = – k x, describes the relationship between the force (Fs) required to stretch or compress a spring and the displacement (x) of the spring. In this equation, … Read more

Ohm’s law equation

Update: This page’s content is moving to a new address in the upcoming months. The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. The Ohm’s law equation, V = I × R, mathematically expresses the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). This equation demonstrates that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional … Read more

Snell’s law equation

Update: This page’s content is moving to a new address in the upcoming months. The information on this page is ✔ fact-checked. The Snell’s law equation, n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2, precisely describes the correlation between the angle of incidence (θ1), the angle of refraction (θ2), the refractive index of medium 1 (n1), … Read more