C4H8 Lewis structure

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C₄H₈ (1-butene) has four carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.

In C₄H₈ Lewis structure, there is one double bond between the first and second carbon atoms, and two single bonds between the second, third, and fourth carbon atoms. The first carbon is attached with two hydrogen atoms, second carbon is attached with one hydrogen atom, third carbon is attached with two hydrogen atoms, and fourth carbon is attached with three hydrogen atoms. And none of the atoms has a lone pair.

Steps

Here’s how you can easily draw the C₄H₈ Lewis structure step by step:

#1 Draw a rough skeleton structure
#2 Mention lone pairs on the atoms
#3 If needed, mention formal charges on the atoms
#4 Minimize formal charges by converting lone pairs of the atoms, and try to get a stable Lewis structure
#5 Repeat step 4 again if needed, until all charges are minimized

Now, let’s take a closer look at each step mentioned above.

#1 Draw a rough skeleton structure

• First, determine the total number of valence electrons

In the periodic table, carbon lies in group 14, and hydrogen lies in group 1.

Hence, carbon has four valence electrons and hydrogen has one valence electron.

Since C₄H₈ has four carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms, so…

Valence electrons of four carbon atoms = 4 × 4 = 16
Valence electrons of eight hydrogen atoms = 1 × 8 = 8

And the total valence electrons = 16 + 8 = 24

Learn how to find: Carbon valence electrons and Hydrogen valence electrons

• Second, find the total electron pairs

We have a total of 24 valence electrons. And when we divide this value by two, we get the value of total electron pairs.

Total electron pairs = total valence electrons ÷ 2

So the total electron pairs = 24 ÷ 2 = 12

• Third, determine the central atom

Here hydrogen can not be the central atom. Because the central atom is bonded with at least two other atoms, and hydrogen has only one electron in its last shell, so it can not make more than one bond.

Now there are four atoms remaining and all four atoms are carbon, so we can assume any one as the central atom.

Let’s assume that the central atom is first carbon.

Therefore, place carbons in the center and hydrogens on either side.

• And finally, draw the rough sketch

#2 Mention lone pairs on the atoms

Here, we have a total of 12 electron pairs. And eleven bonds are already marked. So we have to only mark the remaining one electron pair as a lone pair on the sketch.

Also remember that carbon is a period 2 element, so it can not keep more than 8 electrons in its last shell. And hydrogen is a period 1 element, so it can not keep more than 2 electrons in its last shell.

Always start to mark the lone pairs from outside atoms. Here, the outside atoms are hydrogens, second carbon, third carbon, and fourth carbon. But no need to mark on hydrogen, because each hydrogen has already two electrons.

So for second carbon, there is one lone pair, and for remaining carbons, there is zero lone pair because all electron pairs are over.

Mark the lone pairs on the sketch as follows:

#3 If needed, mention formal charges on the atoms

Use the following formula to calculate the formal charges on atoms:

Formal charge = valence electrons – nonbonding electrons – ½ bonding electrons

For first carbon atom, formal charge = 4 – 0 – ½ (6) = +1

For second carbon atom, formal charge = 4 – 2 – ½ (6) = -1

For third carbon and fourth carbon atom, formal charge = 4 – 0 – ½ (8) = 0

For each hydrogen atom, formal charge = 1 – 0 – ½ (2) = 0

Here, both first carbon and second carbon atoms have charges, so mark them on the sketch as follows:

The above structure is not a stable Lewis structure because both first carbon and second carbon atoms have charges. Therefore, reduce the charges (as below) by converting lone pairs to bonds.

#4 Minimize formal charges by converting lone pairs of the atoms

Convert a lone pair of the second carbon atom to make a new C — C bond with the first carbon atom as follows:

In the above structure, you can see that the central atom (first carbon) forms an octet. The outside atoms (other carbons) also form an octet, and all hydrogens form a duet. Hence, the octet rule and duet rule are satisfied.

Therefore, this structure is the stable Lewis structure of C₄H₈.

Next: BrF₄^– Lewis structure

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External links

• https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/draw-many-lewis-structures-c4h8-possible-every-lewis-structure-include-one-double-bond-2-c-q10216107
• https://oneclass.com/homework-help/chemistry/7026061-c4h8-lewis-structure.en.html