Boron Element (Periodic Table)

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Boron

Boron (B) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 13 and the period 2, and is having the atomic number 5. It is a dark, lustrous, black-brown metalloid, whose name comes from the Arabic word “buraq”, which means the mineral borax. It is the first element in the boron group and is the lightest element of the boron group.

group
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
period
1
 1
H
 2
He
2
 3
Li
 4
Be
 5
B
 6
C
 7
N
 8
O
 9
F
 10
Ne
3
 11
Na
 12
Mg
 13
Al
 14
Si
 15
P
 16
S
 17
Cl
 18
Ar
4
 19
K
 20
Ca
 21
Sc
 22
Ti
 23
V
 24
Cr
 25
Mn
 26
Fe
 27
Co
 28
Ni
 29
Cu
 30
Zn
 31
Ga
 32
Ge
 33
As
 34
Se
 35
Br
 36
Kr
5
 37
Rb
 38
Sr
 39
Y
 40
Zr
 41
Nb
 42
Mo
 43
Tc
 44
Ru
 45
Rh
 46
Pd
 47
Ag
 48
Cd
 49
In
 50
Sn
 51
Sb
 52
Te
 53
I
 54
Xe
6
 55
Cs
 56
Ba
 72
Hf
 73
Ta
 74
W
 75
Re
 76
Os
 77
Ir
 78
Pt
 79
Au
 80
Hg
 81
Tl
 82
Pb
 83
Bi
 84
Po
 85
At
 86
Rn
7
 87
Fr
 88
Ra
 104
Rf
 105
Db
 106
Sg
 107
Bh
 108
Hs
 109
Mt
 110
Ds
 111
Rg
 112
Cn
 113
Nh
 114
Fl
 115
Mc
 116
Lv
 117
Ts
 118
Og
57
La
 58
Ce
 59
Pr
 60
Nd
 61
Pm
 62
Sm
 63
Eu
 64
Gd
 65
Tb
 66
Dy
 67
Ho
 68
Er
 69
Tm
 70
Yb
 71
Lu
89
Ac
 90
Th
 91
Pa
 92
U
 93
Np
 94
Pu
 95
Am
 96
Cm
 97
Bk
 98
Cf
 99
Es
 100
Fm
 101
Md
 102
No
 103
Lr
– p block

FAQs on Boron Element

Boron
‣ What does boron look like?

Appearance: black-brown
‣ When was boron discovered and by whom?

Discovery: Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thenard (30 June 1808)
First isolation: Humphry Davy (9 July 1808)
‣ Where is boron found on the periodic table?

Boron Periodic Table

Location: Boron is found in the second row of the periodic table above the aluminium element.
‣ What is boron’s atomic number?

Atomic number (Z): 5
‣ What is the chemical symbol for boron?

Symbol: B
‣ What is the atomic weight of boron?

Standard atomic weight: [10.806, 10.821] conventional: 10.81
‣ Boron belongs to which block?

Block: p-block
‣ What group does boron belong to on the periodic table?

Group: 13 (boron group)
‣ What period is boron in on the periodic table?

Period: 2
‣ What is boron atomic radius?

Atomic radius: empirical: 90 pm
‣ Boron covalent radius: 84±3 pm
‣ Boron Van der Waals radius: 192 pm
‣ What is boron melting point?

Melting point: 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F)
‣ What is the boiling point of boron?

Boiling point: 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F)
‣ How many electron shells does boron have?

Electrons per shell: 2, 3
‣ What is the ground state electron configuration of boron?

Electron configuration: [He] 2s2 2p1
‣ How many allotropes of boron?

Allotropes:
α-rhombohedral,
β-rhombohedral,
β-tetragonal
‣ What is boron ionization energy?

Ionization energies:
1st: 800.6 kJ/mol
2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol
3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol
‣ What phase is boron at room temperature?

Phase (at r.t): solid
‣ What is the density of boron?

Density when liquid (at m.p): 2.08 g/cm3
‣ Boron magnetic ordering: diamagnetic
‣ Boron natural occurrence: primordial
‣ What is the oxidation state of boron?

Oxidation state: +3
‣ What is the electronegativity of boron?

Electronegativity: Pauling scale: 2.04
‣ Boron heat of fusion: 50.2 kJ/mol
‣ Boron heat of vaporization: 508 kJ/mol
‣ Boron molar heat capacity: 11.087 J/(mol K)
‣ Boron molar magnetic susceptibility: -6.7 × 10-6 cm3/mol
‣ Speed of sound in boron: 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)
‣ What the crystal structure of boron?

Crystal structure: rhombohedral
‣ Thermal expansion of boron: β form: 5-7 µm/(m.K) (at 25 °C)
‣ Thermal conductivity of boron: 27.4 W/(m.K)
‣ Boron electrical resistivity: ~106 Ω.m (at 20 °C)
‣ What is the hardness of boron?

Mohs hardness: ~9.5
‣ Boron CAS number: 7440-42-8

‣ Boron vapor pressure

Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)234825622822314135454072

‣ How many isotopes does boron have?

Main isotopes of boron
IsotopeAbundanceHalf-life (t1/2)Decay modeProduct
10B20 %stable
11B80 %stable

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