Bohrium (Bh) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 7 and the period 7, and has the atomic number 107. It is a silvery-white transition metal, which is named after the Danish physicist, Niels Bohr. It is a transuranium element and is counted as one of the radioactive elements.
On periodic table
| group | ⇨ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| period | ⇩ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 H  Hydrogen |
2 He  Helium |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li  Lithium |
4 Be  Beryllium |
5 B  Boron |
6 C  Carbon |
7 N  Nitrogen |
8 O  Oxygen |
9 F  Fluorine |
10 Ne  Neon |
|||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na  Sodium |
12 Mg  Magnesium |
13 Al  Aluminium |
14 Si  Silicon |
15 P  Phosphorus |
16 S  Sulfur |
17 Cl  Chlorine |
18 Ar  Argon |
|||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K  Potassium |
20 Ca  Calcium |
21 Sc  Scandium |
22 Ti  Titanium |
23 V  Vanadium |
24 Cr  Chromium |
25 Mn  Manganese |
26 Fe  Iron |
27 Co  Cobalt |
28 Ni  Nickel |
29 Cu  Copper |
30 Zn  Zinc |
31 Ga  Gallium |
32 Ge  Germanium |
33 As  Arsenic |
34 Se  Selenium |
35 Br  Bromine |
36 Kr  Krypton |
|
| 5 | 37 Rb  Rubidium |
38 Sr  Strontium |
39 Y  Yttrium |
40 Zr  Zirconium |
41 Nb  Niobium |
42 Mo  Molybdenum |
43 Tc  Technetium |
44 Ru  Ruthenium |
45 Rh  Rhodium |
46 Pd  Palladium |
47 Ag  Silver |
48 Cd  Cadmium |
49 In  Indium |
50 Sn  Tin |
51 Sb  Antimony |
52 Te  Tellurium |
53 I  Iodine |
54 Xe  Xenon |
|
| 6 | 55 Cs  Caesium |
56 Ba  Barium |
72 Hf  Hafnium |
73 Ta  Tantalum |
74 W  Tungsten |
75 Re  Rhenium |
76 Os  Osmium |
77 Ir  Iridium |
78 Pt  Platinum |
79 Au  Gold |
80 Hg  Mercury |
81 Tl  Thallium |
82 Pb  Lead |
83 Bi  Bismuth |
84 Po  Polonium |
85 At  Astatine |
86 Rn  Radon |
||
| 7 | 87 Fr  Francium |
88 Ra  Radium |
104 Rf  Rutherfordium |
105 Db  Dubnium |
106 Sg  Seaborgium |
107 Bh Bohrium |
108 Hs  Hassium |
109 Mt  Meitnerium |
110 Ds  Darmstadtium |
111 Rg  Roentgenium |
112 Cn  Copernicium |
113 Nh  Nihonium |
114 Fl  Flerovium |
115 Mc  Moscovium |
116 Lv  Livermorium |
117 Ts  Tennessine |
118 Og  Oganesson |
||
| 57 La  Lanthanum |
58 Ce  Cerium |
59 Pr  Praseodymium |
60 Nd  Neodymium |
61 Pm  Promethium |
62 Sm  Samarium |
63 Eu  Europium |
64 Gd  Gadolinium |
65 Tb  Terbium |
66 Dy  Dysprosium |
67 Ho  Holmium |
68 Er  Erbium |
69 Tm  Thulium |
70 Yb  Ytterbium |
71 Lu  Lutetium |
|||||
| 89 Ac  Actinium |
90 Th  Thorium |
91 Pa  Protactinium |
92 U  Uranium |
93 Np  Neptunium |
94 Pu  Plutonium |
95 Am  Americium |
96 Cm  Curium |
97 Bk  Berkelium |
98 Cf  Californium |
99 Es  Einsteinium |
100 Fm  Fermium |
101 Md  Mendelevium |
102 No  Nobelium |
103 Lr  Lawrencium |
|||||
| – d block |
Bohrium is a d-block element, situated in the seventh column and the seventh row of the periodic table. Its atomic number is 107 and its symbol is Bh.
Element information
 |
|
| Origin of name | named after Danish physicist, Niels Bohr |
| Symbol | Bh |
| Atomic number (Z) | 107 |
| Atomic mass | (264) |
| Block | d-block |
| Group | 7 |
| Period | 7 |
| Classification | Transition metal |
| Atomic radius | 128 pm (predicted) |
| Covalent radius | 141 pm (estimated) |
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2 |
| Learn how to write: Bohrium electron configuration | |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2 |
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (predicted) |
| Density near r.t | 26-27 g/cm3 (predicted) |
| Natural occurrence | Synthetic |
| Oxidation state | +3 (predicted), +4 (predicted), +5 (predicted), +7 |
| Protons Neutrons Electrons |
107 157 107 |
| CAS number | 54037-14-8 |
| Discovered at | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in 1981 |
History
Bohrium is a synthetic element and is part of the group of transuranium elements, which are all elements with atomic numbers greater than 92. It was first synthesized in 1981 by a team of scientists led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung) in Darmstadt, Germany. They bombarded bismuth-209 with chromium-54 ions, resulting in the production of two atoms of bohrium-262.
Bohrium was named after the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, who made significant contributions to the understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics. The name was proposed by the German discoverers, who also named other elements after famous scientists such as Albert Einstein (einsteinium) and Marie Curie (curium).
Occurrence and production
Bohrium is an extremely rare element that does not exist naturally on Earth. It is a synthetic element that can only be produced in a laboratory.
Bohrium is produced by bombarding heavy metal targets with high-energy particles in a process called nuclear fusion. This produces small amounts of the element, which can be separated and studied.
Bohrium is produced in very small quantities and is one of the rarest and most expensive elements in the world. It has only been produced in microgram quantities so far.
Properties
Bohrium is believed to be a solid metal at room temperature, with a silver-gray color. It is also predicted to have a very high melting point and boiling point, although these values have not been experimentally measured.
Bohrium is a highly unstable element and has a very short half-life, with its most stable isotope having a half-life of only 61 seconds.
Due to its short half-life, little is known about its properties, and most of what is known has been inferred from its position on the periodic table and its similarities to other elements.
Bohrium is predicted to have similar properties to its lighter homologues in the group, such as rhenium, but with some unique properties due to its relativistic effects.
The electronic configuration of bohrium is [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2, which indicates that it has five valence electrons and is likely to exhibit the oxidation states +3, +4, +5 and +7.
Bohrium has not yet been produced in large enough quantities to allow for a detailed study of its chemical and physical properties, and most of what is known about it comes from theoretical predictions and extrapolations from the properties of its lighter homologues.
Applications
Bohrium is a highly unstable element with a very short half-life and has not yet been produced in large enough quantities to have any practical applications. However, it has been used in a limited capacity in the field of nuclear physics and scientific research. Some of the potential applications of bohrium include:
Studying nuclear physics
As with other heavy elements, bohrium is important in the study of nuclear physics and the properties of heavy elements. Researchers can use bohrium to better understand the behavior and characteristics of other superheavy elements.
Production of other heavy elements
Bohrium has been used as a target material for the production of other heavy elements, such as hassium and meitnerium.
Exploring the universe
Studying the properties of bohrium and other heavy elements can help us better understand the formation and evolution of the universe.
Research into superheavy elements
Scientists continue to study and explore the properties of superheavy elements like bohrium in order to expand our understanding of the periodic table and the behavior of matter at the atomic level. This research could potentially lead to the discovery of new elements and advancements in various scientific fields.
Interesting facts
Bohrium is named after the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, who made significant contributions to the understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.
The first atoms of bohrium were produced in 1981 by a team of German scientists led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research.
Bohrium is a synthetic element and is not found naturally on Earth. It is produced by bombarding other elements with high-energy particles in a process called nuclear fusion.
Bohrium is a highly unstable element with a very short half-life, making it difficult to study. Its most stable isotope, bohrium-270, has a half-life of only 61 seconds.
Scientists have used bohrium as a target material for the production of other heavy elements, such as hassium and copernicium.
Because of its instability and short half-life, bohrium has no practical applications. However, it is important in the study of nuclear physics and the properties of heavy elements.
Bohrium is classified as a transition metal and is expected to have similar chemical properties to its neighboring elements in the periodic table, such as chromium and molybdenum.
The discovery of bohrium was not officially recognized until 1994, due to disputes over the discovery credit between the German and Russian teams involved in its discovery.
Related
More elements
External links
- https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/107/bohrium
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohrium
- https://www.britannica.com/science/bohrium
- https://www.livescience.com/40665-facts-about-bohrium.html
- https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele107.html
- https://www.chemicool.com/elements/bohrium.html
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Bohrium
- https://www.utoledo.edu/nsm/ic/elements/bohrium.html
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