Calcium (Ca) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 2 and the period 4, and is having the atomic number 20. It is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal, whose name comes from the Latin word “calx”, which means lime. It is the fifth most abundant element on earth.
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| – s block |
FAQs on Calcium Element
| Calcium |
|---|
| ‣ What is the appearance of calcium? Appearance: dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint |
| ‣ When was calcium discovered and by whom? Discovery and first isolation: Humphry Davy (1808) |
‣ Where is calcium located on the periodic table? Location: Calcium is found in the second column of the periodic table, next to the potassium element. |
| ‣ What is calcium’s atomic number? Atomic number (Z): 20 |
| ‣ What is calcium’s symbol? Symbol: Ca |
| ‣ What is the atomic weight of calcium? Standard atomic weight: 40.078 |
| ‣ What block is calcium in the periodic table? Block: s-block |
| ‣ What group does calcium belong to? Group: 2 (alkaline earth metals) |
| ‣ What period does calcium belong in the periodic table? Period: 4 |
| ‣ What is calcium’s atomic radius? Atomic radius: empirical: 197 pm |
| ‣ Covalent radius of calcium: 176±10 pm |
| ‣ Calcium Van der Waals radius: 231 pm |
| ‣ What is calcium’s melting point? Melting point: 1115 K (842 °C, 1548 °F) |
| ‣ What is calcium’s boiling point? Boiling point: 1757 K (1484 °C, 2703 °F) |
| ‣ How many electrons shells does calcium have? Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 8, 2 |
| ‣ What is calcium’s electron configuration? Electron configuration: [Ar] 4s2 |
| ‣ What is calcium ionization energy? Ionization energies: 1st: 598.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1145.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 4912.4 kJ/mol |
| ‣ Is calcium solid at room temperature? Phase (at r.t): solid |
| ‣ What is calcium’s density? Density (near r.t): 1.55 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p): 1.378 g/cm3 |
| ‣ Calcium magnetic ordering: diamagnetic |
| ‣ Calcium natural occurrence: primordial |
| ‣ What is the oxidation state of calcium? Oxidation state: +2 |
| ‣ What is the electronegativity of calcium? Electronegativity: Pauling scale: 1.00 |
| ‣ Calcium poisson’s ratio: 0.31 |
| ‣ Calcium heat of fusion: 8.54 kJ/mol |
| ‣ Calcium heat of vaporization: 154.7 kJ/mol |
| ‣ Calcium molar heat capacity: 25.929 J/(mol K) |
| ‣ Calcium molar magnetic susceptibility: +40.0 × 10-6 cm3/mol |
| ‣ Speed of sound in calcium: 3810 m/s (at 20 °C) |
| ‣ What is the structure of calcium? Crystal structure: face-centered cubic (fcc) |
| ‣ Thermal expansion of calcium: 22.3 µm/(m.K) (at 25 °C) |
| ‣ Thermal conductivity of calcium: 201 W/(m.K) |
| ‣ Calcium electrical resistivity: 33.6 nΩ.m (at 20 °C) |
| ‣ What is the hardness of calcium? Mohs hardness: 1.75 Brinell hardness: 170-416 MPa |
| ‣ Young’s modulus of calcium: 20 GPa |
| ‣ Shear modulus of calcium: 7.4 GPa |
| ‣ Bulk modulus of calcium: 17 GPa |
| ‣ Calcium CAS number: 7440-70-2 |
‣ Calcium vapor pressure
| Vapor pressure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| at T (K) | 864 | 956 | 1071 | 1227 | 1443 | 1755 |
‣ How many isotopes does calcium have?
| Main isotopes of calcium | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isotope | Abundance | Half-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
| 40Ca | 96.941 % | stable | ||
| 41Ca | trace | 9.94 × 104 y | ε | 41K |
| 42Ca | 0.647 % | stable | ||
| 43Ca | 0.135 % | stable | ||
| 44Ca | 2.086 % | stable | ||
| 45Ca | syn | 162.6 d | β– | 45Sc |
| 46Ca | 0.004 % | stable | ||
| 47Ca | syn | 4.5 d | β– γ | 47Sc – |
| 48Ca | 0.187 % | 6.4 × 1019 y | β–β– | 48Ti |
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