Dubnium

Dubnium
Dubnium block | Image: Learnool

Dubnium (Db) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 5 and the period 7, and has the atomic number 105. It is a silvery-white transition metal, which is named after Dubna, a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a transuranium element and is counted as one of the radioactive elements.

On periodic table

group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
period
1 1
H
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Hydrogen
2
He
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Helium
2 3
Li
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Lithium
4
Be
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Beryllium
5
B
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Boron
6
C
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Carbon
7
N
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Nitrogen
8
O
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Oxygen
9
F
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Fluorine
10
Ne
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Neon
3 11
Na
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Sodium
12
Mg
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Magnesium
13
Al
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Aluminium
14
Si
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Silicon
15
P
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Phosphorus
16
S
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Sulfur
17
Cl
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Chlorine
18
Ar
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Argon
4 19
K
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Potassium
20
Ca
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Calcium
21
Sc
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Scandium
22
Ti
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Titanium
23
V
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Vanadium
24
Cr
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Chromium
25
Mn
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Manganese
26
Fe
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Iron
27
Co
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Cobalt
28
Ni
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Nickel
29
Cu
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Copper
30
Zn
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Zinc
31
Ga
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Gallium
32
Ge
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Germanium
33
As
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Arsenic
34
Se
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Selenium
35
Br
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Bromine
36
Kr
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Krypton
5 37
Rb
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Rubidium
38
Sr
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Strontium
39
Y
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Yttrium
40
Zr
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Zirconium
41
Nb
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Niobium
42
Mo
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Molybdenum
43
Tc
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Technetium
44
Ru
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Ruthenium
45
Rh
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Rhodium
46
Pd
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Palladium
47
Ag
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Silver
48
Cd
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Cadmium
49
In
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Indium
50
Sn
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Tin
51
Sb
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Antimony
52
Te
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Tellurium
53
I
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Iodine
54
Xe
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Xenon
6 55
Cs
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Caesium
56
Ba
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Barium
72
Hf
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Hafnium
73
Ta
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Tantalum
74
W
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Tungsten
75
Re
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Rhenium
76
Os
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Osmium
77
Ir
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Iridium
78
Pt
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Platinum
79
Au
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Gold
80
Hg
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Mercury
81
Tl
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Thallium
82
Pb
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Lead
83
Bi
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Bismuth
84
Po
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Polonium
85
At
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Astatine
86
Rn
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Radon
7 87
Fr
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Francium
88
Ra
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Radium
104
Rf
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Rutherfordium
105
Db
Dubnium
106
Sg
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Seaborgium
107
Bh
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Bohrium
108
Hs
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Hassium
109
Mt
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Meitnerium
110
Ds
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Darmstadtium
111
Rg
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Roentgenium
112
Cn
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Copernicium
113
Nh
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Nihonium
114
Fl
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Flerovium
115
Mc
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Moscovium
116
Lv
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Livermorium
117
Ts
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Tennessine
118
Og
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Oganesson
57
La
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Lanthanum
58
Ce
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Cerium
59
Pr
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Praseodymium
60
Nd
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Neodymium
61
Pm
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Promethium
62
Sm
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Samarium
63
Eu
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Europium
64
Gd
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Gadolinium
65
Tb
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Terbium
66
Dy
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Dysprosium
67
Ho
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Holmium
68
Er
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Erbium
69
Tm
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Thulium
70
Yb
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Ytterbium
71
Lu
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Lutetium
89
Ac
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Actinium
90
Th
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Thorium
91
Pa
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Protactinium
92
U
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Uranium
93
Np
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Neptunium
94
Pu
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Plutonium
95
Am
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Americium
96
Cm
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Curium
97
Bk
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Berkelium
98
Cf
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Californium
99
Es
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Einsteinium
100
Fm
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Fermium
101
Md
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Mendelevium
102
No
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Nobelium
103
Lr
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Lawrencium
– d block

Dubnium is a d-block element, situated in the fifth column of the periodic table, between rutherfordium (Rf) and seaborgium (Sg). It has the atomic number 105 and is denoted by the symbol Db.

Element information

Dubnium Periodic Table
Dubnium location on periodic table | Image: Learnool
Dubnium is found in the fifth column of the periodic table, next to the rutherfordium element.
Origin of name named after Dubna, a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia
Symbol Db
Atomic number (Z) 105
Atomic mass (262)
Block d-block
Group 5
Period 7
Classification Transition metal
Atomic radius 139 pm (estimated)
Covalent radius 149 pm (estimated)
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2
Crystal structure Body-centered cubic (bcc) (predicted)
Phase at r.t Solid (predicted)
Density near r.t 21.6 g/cm3 (predicted)
Natural occurrence Synthetic
Oxidation state +5
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
105
157
105
CAS number 53850-35-4
Discovered at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in 1970

History

Dubnium is a synthetic element that was first synthesized in 1968 by a team of Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. In the early 1960s, the Soviet team led by Georgy Flerov began conducting experiments to synthesize new heavy elements by bombarding targets with beams of ions. They were particularly interested in creating elements with atomic numbers higher than that of the known elements at the time.

In 1968, the Soviet team successfully synthesized dubnium by bombarding a target of americium-243 with neon-22 ions. The resulting nuclear reaction produced one atom of dubnium-260, which decayed within a fraction of a second. Dubnium was named after the city of Dubna, where it was first synthesized. The name was officially recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1997.

The discovery of dubnium was later confirmed by a team of American scientists at the University of California, Berkeley in 1970. The team, led by Albert Ghiorso, synthesized dubnium by bombarding a target of californium-249 with nitrogen-15 ions. They produced four atoms of dubnium-261, which decayed within a fraction of a second. Dubnium has a number of isotopes, all of which are highly unstable and radioactive. Its most stable isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of about a day.

Dubnium’s isotopes have been studied in detail for their contributions to the understanding of nuclear physics. However, dubnium has no known natural occurrence and is only produced in very small quantities in nuclear reactions. Its practical applications are limited due to its short half-life and radioactivity, but it continues to be studied for its contributions to the field of nuclear physics and chemistry.

Occurrence and production

Dubnium is a synthetic element that does not occur naturally on Earth. It is produced in small quantities through nuclear reactions in laboratories. Dubnium is typically produced by bombarding a target material with a beam of ions, which creates a nuclear reaction that may result in the synthesis of dubnium isotopes.

The most common target materials used to produce dubnium are actinide elements such as americium, curium, and californium. For example, dubnium-262 can be produced by bombarding a target of americium-243 with calcium-48 ions. This reaction produces dubnium-262 and three neutrons as byproducts. Another method for producing dubnium is to use nuclear fusion to create heavy elements that may decay into dubnium isotopes.

The synthesis of dubnium is challenging because it is a highly unstable and short-lived element. Its most stable isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of about a day, and many of its isotopes have half-lives of only a few seconds or less. Therefore, dubnium is produced in very small quantities, and its study requires specialized equipment and techniques.

Properties

Dubnium is a highly unstable and radioactive transactinide element, with very little known about its physical and chemical properties. However, some properties of dubnium that have been observed are:

Dubnium is a heavy, silvery-white metal with a high melting point and boiling point. It has a very short half-life, with its most stable isotope having a half-life of only 34 seconds.

Dubnium is a transition metal with an electronic configuration of [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2. It has three valence electrons and forms mainly a +5 oxidation state.

Dubnium is highly radioactive and decays through alpha decay, emitting alpha particles. Its short half-life and high radioactivity make it very difficult to study and work with.

Dubnium is expected to have similar chemical properties to other transition metals in its group, such as tantalum and niobium. However, due to its short half-life, very few chemical experiments have been conducted with dubnium.

Applications

Dubnium has no known practical applications due to its instability and high radioactivity. However, it continues to be studied for its contributions to the field of nuclear physics and chemistry.

Production of superheavy elements

Dubnium is a transactinide element, and its synthesis and study are important for understanding the properties and behavior of superheavy elements. The study of dubnium may contribute to the development of new techniques for producing and studying other heavy elements.

Fundamental research

Dubnium is used in fundamental research to explore the properties and behavior of atomic nuclei and the nature of matter. Its properties and behavior are important for understanding the fundamental nature of matter and the behavior of atomic nuclei.

Radiography

Dubnium may have potential applications in radiography due to its high radioactivity. However, its instability and short half-life make it challenging to work with, and no practical applications have been developed yet.

Interesting facts

Dubnium was first synthesized in 1968 by a team of Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. It was named after the location of the institute.

Dubnium has a very short half-life, with its most stable isotope having a half-life of only 34 seconds. This makes it challenging to study and work with.

Dubnium is typically synthesized by bombarding a target material, such as californium or americium, with a beam of accelerated ions. The resulting collisions can lead to the formation of dubnium isotopes.

There was a dispute over the naming of dubnium after its discovery, with the Soviet team proposing the name “nielsbohrium” after Danish physicist Niels Bohr, while a team of American scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory proposed the name “hahnium” after German chemist Otto Hahn. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) ultimately decided on the name dubnium.

Due to its high radioactivity and short half-life, dubnium does not have any practical applications outside of basic scientific research.

In 2000, a team of scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California discovered a new isotope of dubnium, dubnium-270, which has a longer half-life than any other known dubnium isotope at 1.2 minutes.

Related

More elements

s block
p block
d block
f block
Barium Aluminium Bohrium Actinium
Beryllium Antimony Cadmium Americium
Caesium Argon Chromium Berkelium
Calcium Arsenic Cobalt Californium
Francium Astatine Copernicium Cerium
Helium Bismuth Copper Curium
Hydrogen Boron Darmstadtium Dysprosium
Lithium Bromine Dubnium Einsteinium
Magnesium Carbon Gold Erbium
Potassium Chlorine Hafnium Europium
Radium Flerovium Hassium Fermium
Rubidium Fluorine Iridium Gadolinium
Sodium Gallium Iron Holmium
Strontium Germanium Lawrencium Lanthanum
Indium Lutetium Mendelevium
Iodine Manganese Neodymium
Krypton Meitnerium Neptunium
Lead Mercury Nobelium
Livermorium Molybdenum Plutonium
Moscovium Nickel Praseodymium
Neon Niobium Promethium
Nihonium Osmium Protactinium
Nitrogen Palladium Samarium
Oganesson Platinum Terbium
Oxygen Rhenium Thorium
Phosphorus Rhodium Thulium
Polonium Roentgenium Uranium
Radon Ruthenium Ytterbium
Selenium Rutherfordium
Silicon Scandium
Sulfur Seaborgium
Tellurium Silver
Tennessine Tantalum
Thallium Technetium
Tin Titanium
Xenon Tungsten
Vanadium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium

External links

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Learnool.com was founded by Deep Rana, who is a mechanical engineer by profession and a blogger by passion. He has a good conceptual knowledge on different educational topics and he provides the same on this website. He loves to learn something new everyday and believes that the best utilization of free time is developing a new skill.

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