Meitnerium

Meitnerium
Meitnerium block | Image: Learnool

Meitnerium (Mt) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 9 and the period 7, and has the atomic number 109. It is named after the Austrian-Swedish physicist, Lise Meitner. It is a transuranium element and is counted as one of the radioactive elements.

On periodic table

group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
period
1 1
H
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Hydrogen
2
He
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Helium
2 3
Li
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Lithium
4
Be
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Beryllium
5
B
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Boron
6
C
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Carbon
7
N
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Nitrogen
8
O
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Oxygen
9
F
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Fluorine
10
Ne
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Neon
3 11
Na
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Sodium
12
Mg
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Magnesium
13
Al
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Aluminium
14
Si
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Silicon
15
P
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Phosphorus
16
S
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Sulfur
17
Cl
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Chlorine
18
Ar
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Argon
4 19
K
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Potassium
20
Ca
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Calcium
21
Sc
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Scandium
22
Ti
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Titanium
23
V
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Vanadium
24
Cr
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Chromium
25
Mn
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Manganese
26
Fe
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Iron
27
Co
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Cobalt
28
Ni
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Nickel
29
Cu
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Copper
30
Zn
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Zinc
31
Ga
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Gallium
32
Ge
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Germanium
33
As
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Arsenic
34
Se
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Selenium
35
Br
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Bromine
36
Kr
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Krypton
5 37
Rb
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Rubidium
38
Sr
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Strontium
39
Y
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Yttrium
40
Zr
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Zirconium
41
Nb
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Niobium
42
Mo
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Molybdenum
43
Tc
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Technetium
44
Ru
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Ruthenium
45
Rh
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Rhodium
46
Pd
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Palladium
47
Ag
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Silver
48
Cd
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Cadmium
49
In
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Indium
50
Sn
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Tin
51
Sb
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Antimony
52
Te
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Tellurium
53
I
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Iodine
54
Xe
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Xenon
6 55
Cs
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Caesium
56
Ba
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Barium
72
Hf
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Hafnium
73
Ta
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Tantalum
74
W
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Tungsten
75
Re
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Rhenium
76
Os
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Osmium
77
Ir
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Iridium
78
Pt
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Platinum
79
Au
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Gold
80
Hg
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Mercury
81
Tl
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Thallium
82
Pb
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Lead
83
Bi
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Bismuth
84
Po
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Polonium
85
At
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Astatine
86
Rn
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Radon
7 87
Fr
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Francium
88
Ra
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Radium
104
Rf
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Rutherfordium
105
Db
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Dubnium
106
Sg
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Seaborgium
107
Bh
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Bohrium
108
Hs
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Hassium
109
Mt
Meitnerium
110
Ds
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Darmstadtium
111
Rg
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Roentgenium
112
Cn
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Copernicium
113
Nh
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Nihonium
114
Fl
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Flerovium
115
Mc
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Moscovium
116
Lv
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Livermorium
117
Ts
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Tennessine
118
Og
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Oganesson
57
La
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Lanthanum
58
Ce
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Cerium
59
Pr
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Praseodymium
60
Nd
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Neodymium
61
Pm
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Promethium
62
Sm
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Samarium
63
Eu
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Europium
64
Gd
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Gadolinium
65
Tb
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Terbium
66
Dy
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Dysprosium
67
Ho
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Holmium
68
Er
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Erbium
69
Tm
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Thulium
70
Yb
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Ytterbium
71
Lu
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Lutetium
89
Ac
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Actinium
90
Th
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Thorium
91
Pa
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Protactinium
92
U
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Uranium
93
Np
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Neptunium
94
Pu
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Plutonium
95
Am
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Americium
96
Cm
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Curium
97
Bk
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Berkelium
98
Cf
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Californium
99
Es
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Einsteinium
100
Fm
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Fermium
101
Md
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Mendelevium
102
No
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Nobelium
103
Lr
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Lawrencium
– d block

Meitnerium is a d-block element, situated in the ninth column and the seventh row of the periodic table, denoted by the atomic number 109 and chemical symbol Mt.

Element information

Meitnerium Periodic Table
Meitnerium location on periodic table | Image: Learnool
Meitnerium is found in the seventh row of the periodic table, next to the hassium element.
Origin of name named after Austrian-Swedish physicist, Lise Meitner
Symbol Mt
Atomic number (Z) 109
Atomic mass (278)
Block d-block
Group 9
Period 7
Classification Unknown chemical properties
Atomic radius 128 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius 129 pm (estimated)
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (predicted)
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (predicted)
Crystal structure Face-centered cubic (fcc) (predicted)
Phase at r.t Solid (predicted)
Density near r.t 27-28 g/cm3 (predicted)
Natural occurrence Synthetic
Oxidation state +1 (predicted), +3 (predicted), +6 (predicted)
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
109
169
109
CAS number 54038-01-6
Discovered at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in 1982

History

Meitnerium is named after Lise Meitner, an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was one of the co-discoverers of nuclear fission. Meitnerium was first synthesized in 1982 by a team of German researchers led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany.

The team used a heavy-ion accelerator to bombard a target of bismuth-209 with iron-58 ions. After several weeks of bombardment, they were able to detect four atoms of meitnerium by measuring the alpha decay of its daughter isotopes. The discovery was later confirmed by a team of Russian scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, who used a similar method to synthesize meitnerium.

The discovery of meitnerium was part of a larger effort to synthesize elements beyond the transuranium elements, which are elements with atomic numbers greater than 92. The synthesis of meitnerium was significant because it demonstrated that the production of superheavy elements with atomic numbers greater than 100 was possible. Since its discovery, only small amounts of meitnerium have been produced in laboratories, and its properties are not well known due to its short half-life and difficulty of production.

Occurrence and production

Meitnerium is a synthetic element and does not occur naturally in the environment. Meitnerium can only be produced in a laboratory setting through nuclear reactions.

Meitnerium is produced through nuclear reactions using fusion of a lighter nucleus with a heavier one. The most common method of producing meitnerium is through the fusion of bismuth-209 with a high-energy beam of a lighter element, typically iron. This process requires a heavy-ion accelerator to provide the necessary energy for the fusion reaction.

The synthesis of meitnerium is a difficult process, and only a few atoms have ever been produced. Meitnerium is a highly unstable element with a very short half-life, and its properties are not well understood. The study of meitnerium and other superheavy elements is an active area of research in nuclear physics.

Properties

Physical properties

Meitnerium is expected to be solid at room temperature, with a melting point between 1000-2000 ℃, and a boiling point of around 3000 ℃.

It is predicted to be a dense, silvery-white element that belongs to the group of unknown chemical properties in the periodic table.

Chemical properties

Meitnerium is a highly reactive and unstable element that is expected to react with most nonmetals, especially halogens, and form various compounds.

Its most stable oxidation state is predicted to be +3, but it may also exist in other oxidation states like +1 and +6.

Atomic properties

Meitnerium has an atomic number of 109 and an atomic weight of 278. Its electronic configuration is predicted to be [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2, which places it in the d-block of the periodic table.

The element has only been produced in small quantities, and its properties have not been fully characterized.

Nuclear properties

Meitnerium is a man-made element, and many of its isotopes are radioactive.

The most stable isotope is Meitnerium-278, which has a half-life of approximately 7.6 seconds.

The element is produced by bombarding lighter nuclei with heavier ones in a particle accelerator, and its short half-life makes it difficult to study its properties in detail.

Applications

Unfortunately, there are no known applications for meitnerium at this time. As a synthetic and highly unstable element, it has no practical uses beyond its study and research in the field of nuclear physics.

Interesting facts

Meitnerium was named after the Austrian physicist Lise Meitner, who was known for her work on nuclear physics and radioactivity.

It is a highly unstable and radioactive element, with a very short half-life. Its most stable isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of only 7.6 seconds.

Meitnerium is classified as a transactinide element, which refers to elements that have an atomic number greater than 103 and are located beyond actinium (atomic number 89) on the periodic table.

It is believed that meitnerium has similar chemical properties to its group 9 neighbors, cobalt, rhodium, and iridium.

Meitnerium has not yet been produced in sufficient quantities to have any practical applications, but its study provides valuable insights into the behavior of heavy and superheavy elements.

Related

More elements

s block
p block
d block
f block
Barium Aluminium Bohrium Actinium
Beryllium Antimony Cadmium Americium
Caesium Argon Chromium Berkelium
Calcium Arsenic Cobalt Californium
Francium Astatine Copernicium Cerium
Helium Bismuth Copper Curium
Hydrogen Boron Darmstadtium Dysprosium
Lithium Bromine Dubnium Einsteinium
Magnesium Carbon Gold Erbium
Potassium Chlorine Hafnium Europium
Radium Flerovium Hassium Fermium
Rubidium Fluorine Iridium Gadolinium
Sodium Gallium Iron Holmium
Strontium Germanium Lawrencium Lanthanum
Indium Lutetium Mendelevium
Iodine Manganese Neodymium
Krypton Meitnerium Neptunium
Lead Mercury Nobelium
Livermorium Molybdenum Plutonium
Moscovium Nickel Praseodymium
Neon Niobium Promethium
Nihonium Osmium Protactinium
Nitrogen Palladium Samarium
Oganesson Platinum Terbium
Oxygen Rhenium Thorium
Phosphorus Rhodium Thulium
Polonium Roentgenium Uranium
Radon Ruthenium Ytterbium
Selenium Rutherfordium
Silicon Scandium
Sulfur Seaborgium
Tellurium Silver
Tennessine Tantalum
Thallium Technetium
Tin Titanium
Xenon Tungsten
Vanadium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium

External links

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Learnool.com was founded by Deep Rana, who is a mechanical engineer by profession and a blogger by passion. He has a good conceptual knowledge on different educational topics and he provides the same on this website. He loves to learn something new everyday and believes that the best utilization of free time is developing a new skill.

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