
Thallium (Tl) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 13 and the period 6, and has the atomic number 81. It is a soft, malleable, lustrous, silvery-grey post transition metal, whose name comes from the Greek word “thallos”, which means green twig. It is highly toxic and is not available freely in nature. It is a member of the boron group.
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– p block |
FAQs on Thallium Element
Thallium |
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‣ What does thallium look like? Appearance: silvery white |
‣ Who discovered thallium? When was the element thallium discovered? Discovery: William Crookes (1861) First isolation: Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862) |
‣ Where is thallium located on the periodic table?![]() Location: Thallium is found in the sixth row of the periodic table below the indium element. |
‣ What is the atomic number for thallium? Atomic number (Z): 81 |
‣ What is thallium symbol? Symbol: Tl |
‣ Thallium atomic weight: [204.382, 204.385] conventional: 204.38 |
‣ What block is thallium in the periodic table? Block: p-block |
‣ What group does thallium belong to? Group: 13 (boron group) |
‣ What period is thallium on the periodic table? Period: 6 |
‣ Thallium atomic radius: empirical: 170 pm |
‣ Thallium covalent radius: 145±7 pm |
‣ Thallium Van der Waals radius: 196 pm |
‣ What is thallium melting point? Melting point: 577 K (304 °C, 579 °F) |
‣ What is the boiling point of thallium? Boiling point: 1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F) |
‣ How many electron shells does thallium have? Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 |
‣ What is the electron configuration of thallium? Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
‣ Thallium ionization energies: 1st: 589.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1971 kJ/mol 3rd: 2878 kJ/mol |
‣ What is the phase of thallium? Phase (at r.t): solid |
‣ Thallium density (near r.t): 11.85 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p): 11.22 g/cm3 |
‣ Thallium magnetic ordering: diamagnetic |
‣ Thallium natural occurrence: primordial |
‣ What is the oxidation state of thallium? Oxidation state: +1, +3 |
‣ What’s the electronegativity of thallium? Electronegativity: Pauling scale: 1.62 |
‣ Thallium poisson’s ratio: 0.45 |
‣ Thallium heat of fusion: 4.14 kJ/mol |
‣ Thallium heat of vaporization: 165 kJ/mol |
‣ Thallium molar heat capacity: 26.32 J/(mol K) |
‣ Thallium molar magnetic susceptibility: -50.9 × 10-6 cm3/mol (298 K) |
‣ Speed of sound in thallium: 818 m/s (at 20 °C) |
‣ What is the crystal structure of thallium? Crystal structure: hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
‣ Thermal expansion of thallium: 29.9 µm/(m.K) (at 25 °C) |
‣ Thermal conductivity of thallium: 46.1 W/(m.K) |
‣ Thallium electrical resistivity: 0.18 nΩ.m (at 20 °C) |
‣ Thallium hardness Mohs hardness: 1.2 Brinell hardness: 26.5-44.7 MPa |
‣ Young’s modulus of thallium: 8 GPa |
‣ Shear modulus of thallium: 2.8 GPa |
‣ Bulk modulus of thallium: 43 GPa |
‣ Thallium CAS number: 7440-28-0 |
‣ Thallium vapor pressure
Vapor pressure | ||||||
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P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
at T (K) | 882 | 977 | 1097 | 1252 | 1461 | 1758 |
‣ How many isotopes does thallium have?
Main isotopes of thallium | ||||
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Isotope | Abundance | Half-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
203Tl | 29.5 % | stable | ||
204Tl | syn | 3.78 y | β– ε | 204Pb 204Hg |
205Tl | 70.5 % | stable |
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