
Sulfur (S), also spelled as sulphur (in British English) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 16 and the period 3, and is having the atomic number 16. It is a brittle, pale yellow reactive nonmetal, whose name comes from the Sanskrit word “sulvere” or Latin word “sulfurium”. It is a member of the chalcogen group and is the 16th most abundant element on earth.
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– p block |
FAQs on Sulfur Element
Sulfur |
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‣ What does sulfur look like? Appearance: lemon yellow sintered microcrystals |
‣ When was sulfur discovered and by whom? Discovery: Chinese (before 2000 BCE) Recognized as an element by: Antoine Lavoisier (1777) |
‣ Where is sulfur located on the periodic table?![]() Location: Sulfur is found in the third row of the periodic table below the oxygen element. |
‣ What is sulfur’s atomic number? Atomic number (Z): 16 |
‣ What is sulfur’s symbol? Symbol: S |
‣ What is sulfur’s atomic weight? Standard atomic weight: [32.059, 32.076] conventional: 32.06 |
‣ What block is sulfur in the periodic table? Block: p-block |
‣ What group is sulfur in on the periodic table? Group: 16 (chalcogens) |
‣ Which period does sulfur belong to? Period: 3 |
‣ Sulfur covalent radius: 105±3 pm |
‣ Sulfur Van der Waals radius: 180 pm |
‣ What is sulfur’s melting point? Melting point: 388.36 K (115.21 °C, 239.38 °F) |
‣ What is sulfur’s boiling point? Boiling point: 717.8 K (444.6 °C, 832.3 °F) |
‣ Sulfur critical point: 1314 K, 20.7 MPa |
‣ How many electron shells does sulfur have? Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 6 |
‣ What is the ground state electron configuration of sulfur? Electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p4 |
‣ What is sulfur’s ionization energy? Ionization energies: 1st: 999.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2252 kJ/mol 3rd: 3357 kJ/mol |
‣ What is sulfur’s phase at room temperature? Phase (at r.t): solid |
‣ What is sulfur’s density? Density (near r.t): alpha: 2.07 g/cm3 beta: 1.96 g/cm3 gamma: 1.92 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p): 1.819 g/cm3 |
‣ Sulfur magnetic ordering: diamagnetic |
‣ Sulfur natural occurrence: primordial |
‣ What is the sulfur oxidation state? Oxidation state: +4 |
‣ What is sulfur’s electronegativity? Electronegativity: Pauling scale: 2.58 |
‣ Sulfur heat of fusion: mono: 1.727 kJ/mol |
‣ Sulfur heat of vaporization: mono: 45 kJ/mol |
‣ Sulfur molar heat capacity: 22.75 J/(mol K) |
‣ Sulfur molar magnetic susceptibility: (α) -15.5 × 10-6 cm3/mol (298 K) |
‣ What is the crystal structure of sulfur? Crystal structure: orthorhombic |
‣ Thermal conductivity of sulfur: 0.205 W/(m.K) (amorphous) |
‣ Sulfur electrical resistivity: 2 × 1015 Ω.m (at 20 °C) (amorphous) |
‣ What is sulfur’s hardness? Mohs hardness: 2.0 |
‣ Bulk modulus of sulfur: 7.7 GPa |
‣ Sulfur CAS number: 7704-34-9 |
‣ Sulfur vapor pressure
Vapor pressure | ||||||
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P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
at T (K) | 375 | 408 | 449 | 508 | 591 | 717 |
‣ How many isotopes does sulfur have?
Main isotopes of sulfur | ||||
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Isotope | Abundance | Half-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
32S | 94.99 % | stable | ||
33S | 0.75 % | stable | ||
34S | 4.25 % | stable | ||
35S | trace | 87.37 d | β– | 35Cl |
36S | 0.01 % | stable |
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