
Gadolinium (Gd) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the period 6, and has the atomic number 64. It is the eighth element in the lanthanide series. It is slightly malleable, ductile, silvery metal, which is named after the mineral gadolinite, in honour of Johan Gadolin, a Finnish chemist and geologist. It is counted as one of the rare earth elements.
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– f block |
FAQs on Gadolinium Element
Gadolinium |
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‣ What does gadolinium look like? Appearance: silvery white |
‣ Who discovered gadolinium? When was gadolinium discovered? Discovery: Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880) First isolation: Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886) |
‣ Where on the periodic table is gadolinium found?![]() Location: Gadolinium is found in the sixth row of the periodic table, next to the europium element. |
‣ What is the atomic number of gadolinium? Atomic number (Z): 64 |
‣ Gadolinium symbol: Gd |
‣ Atomic weight of gadolinium: 157.25 |
‣ Which block does gadolinium belong to? Block: f-block |
‣ What period is gadolinium on the periodic table? Period: 6 |
‣ What is the atomic radius of gadolinium? Atomic radius: empirical: 180 pm |
‣ Gadolinium covalent radius: 196±6 pm |
‣ Gadolinium melting point: 1585 K (1312 °C, 2394 °F) |
‣ What is the boiling point of gadolinium? Boiling point: 3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F) |
‣ How many electrons does gadolinium have? Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 |
‣ What is the electron configuration of gadolinium? Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 |
‣ Gadolinium ionization energies: 1st: 593.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol 3rd: 1990 kJ/mol |
‣ Is gadolinium solid, liquid or gas at room temperature? Phase (at r.t): solid |
‣ What is the density of gadolinium? Density (near r.t): 7.90 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p): 7.4 g/cm3 |
‣ Gadolinium magnetic ordering: ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition at 293.4 K |
‣ Gadolinium natural occurrence: primordial |
‣ Gadolinium oxidation state: +3 |
‣ What’s the electronegativity of gadolinium? Electronegativity: Pauling scale: 1.20 |
‣ Gadolinium poisson’s ratio: α form: 0.259 |
‣ Gadolinium heat of fusion: 10.05 kJ/mol |
‣ Gadolinium heat of vaporization: 301.3 kJ/mol |
‣ Gadolinium molar heat capacity: 37.03 J/(mol K) |
‣ Gadolinium molar magnetic susceptibility: +755000.0 × 10-6 cm3/mol (300.6 K) |
‣ Speed of sound in gadolinium: 2680 m/s (at 20 °C) |
‣ What is the crystal structure of gadolinium? Crystal structure: hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
‣ Thermal expansion of gadolinium: α, poly: 9.4 µm/(m.K) (at 100 °C) |
‣ Thermal conductivity of gadolinium: 10.6 W/(m.K) |
‣ Gadolinium electrical resistivity: α, poly: 1.310 µΩ.m |
‣ Gadolinium hardness Vickers hardness: 510-950 MPa |
‣ Young’s modulus of gadolinium: α form: 54.8 GPa |
‣ Shear modulus of gadolinium: α form: 21.8 GPa |
‣ Bulk modulus of gadolinium: α form: 37.9 GPa |
‣ Gadolinium CAS number: 7440-54-2 |
‣ Gadolinium vapor pressure
Vapor pressure (calculated) | ||||||
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P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
at T (K) | 1836 | 2028 | 2267 | 2573 | 2976 | 3535 |
‣ How many isotopes does gadolinium have?
Main isotopes of gadolinium | ||||
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Isotope | Abundance | Half-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
148Gd | syn | 75 y | α | 144Sm |
150Gd | syn | 1.8 × 106 y | α | 146Sm |
152Gd | 0.20 % | 1.08 × 1014 y | α | 148Sm |
154Gd | 2.18 % | stable | ||
155Gd | 14.80 % | stable | ||
156Gd | 20.47 % | stable | ||
157Gd | 15.65 % | stable | ||
158Gd | 24.84 % | stable | ||
160Gd | 21.86 % | stable |
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