Copernicium

Copernicium
Copernicium block | Image: Learnool

Copernicium (Cn) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 12 and the period 7, and has the atomic number 112. It is named after the mathematician, Nicolaus Copernicus. It is a transuranium element and is counted as one of the radioactive elements.

On periodic table

group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
period
1 1
H
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Hydrogen
2
He
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Helium
2 3
Li
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Lithium
4
Be
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Beryllium
5
B
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Boron
6
C
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Carbon
7
N
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Nitrogen
8
O
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Oxygen
9
F
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Fluorine
10
Ne
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Neon
3 11
Na
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Sodium
12
Mg
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Magnesium
13
Al
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Aluminium
14
Si
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Silicon
15
P
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Phosphorus
16
S
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Sulfur
17
Cl
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Chlorine
18
Ar
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Argon
4 19
K
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Potassium
20
Ca
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Calcium
21
Sc
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Scandium
22
Ti
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Titanium
23
V
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Vanadium
24
Cr
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Chromium
25
Mn
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Manganese
26
Fe
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Iron
27
Co
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Cobalt
28
Ni
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Nickel
29
Cu
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Copper
30
Zn
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Zinc
31
Ga
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Gallium
32
Ge
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Germanium
33
As
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Arsenic
34
Se
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Selenium
35
Br
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Bromine
36
Kr
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Krypton
5 37
Rb
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Rubidium
38
Sr
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Strontium
39
Y
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Yttrium
40
Zr
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Zirconium
41
Nb
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Niobium
42
Mo
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Molybdenum
43
Tc
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Technetium
44
Ru
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Ruthenium
45
Rh
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Rhodium
46
Pd
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Palladium
47
Ag
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Silver
48
Cd
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Cadmium
49
In
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Indium
50
Sn
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Tin
51
Sb
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Antimony
52
Te
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Tellurium
53
I
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Iodine
54
Xe
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Xenon
6 55
Cs
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Caesium
56
Ba
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Barium
72
Hf
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Hafnium
73
Ta
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Tantalum
74
W
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Tungsten
75
Re
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Rhenium
76
Os
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Osmium
77
Ir
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Iridium
78
Pt
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Platinum
79
Au
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Gold
80
Hg
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Mercury
81
Tl
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Thallium
82
Pb
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Lead
83
Bi
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Bismuth
84
Po
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Polonium
85
At
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Astatine
86
Rn
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Radon
7 87
Fr
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Francium
88
Ra
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Radium
104
Rf
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Rutherfordium
105
Db
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Dubnium
106
Sg
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Seaborgium
107
Bh
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Bohrium
108
Hs
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Hassium
109
Mt
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Meitnerium
110
Ds
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Darmstadtium
111
Rg
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Roentgenium
112
Cn
Copernicium
113
Nh
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Nihonium
114
Fl
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Flerovium
115
Mc
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Moscovium
116
Lv
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Livermorium
117
Ts
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Tennessine
118
Og
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Oganesson
57
La
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Lanthanum
58
Ce
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Cerium
59
Pr
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Praseodymium
60
Nd
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Neodymium
61
Pm
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Promethium
62
Sm
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Samarium
63
Eu
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Europium
64
Gd
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Gadolinium
65
Tb
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Terbium
66
Dy
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Dysprosium
67
Ho
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Holmium
68
Er
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Erbium
69
Tm
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Thulium
70
Yb
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Ytterbium
71
Lu
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Lutetium
89
Ac
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Actinium
90
Th
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Thorium
91
Pa
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Protactinium
92
U
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Uranium
93
Np
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Neptunium
94
Pu
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Plutonium
95
Am
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Americium
96
Cm
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Curium
97
Bk
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Berkelium
98
Cf
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Californium
99
Es
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Einsteinium
100
Fm
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Fermium
101
Md
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Mendelevium
102
No
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Nobelium
103
Lr
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Lawrencium
– d block

Copernicium is a d-block element, situated in the twelfth column and the seventh row of the periodic table. Its atomic number is 112 and its symbol is Cn.

Element information

Copernicium Periodic Table
Copernicium location on periodic table | Image: Learnool
Copernicium is found in the seventh row of the periodic table, next to the roentgenium element.
Origin of name after mathematician, Nicolaus Copernicus
Symbol Cn
Atomic number (Z) 112
Atomic mass (285)
Block d-block
Group 12
Period 7
Classification Unknown chemical properties
Atomic radius 147 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius 122 pm (predicted)
Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (predicted)
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 (predicted)
Learn how to draw: Copernicium Bohr model
Crystal structure Hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (predicted)
Phase at r.t Liquid (predicted)
Density near r.t 14.0 g/cm3 (predicted)
Natural occurrence Synthetic
Oxidation state 0, +2 (predicted)
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
112
173
112
CAS number 54084-26-3
Discovered at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in 1996

History

Copernicium is a highly radioactive element that was first synthesized in 1996 by a team of German scientists led by Sigurd Hofmann and Victor Ninov at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany.

The discovery of copernicium was initially met with some controversy, as the validity of the results produced by the GSI team was questioned by some members of the scientific community. However, after additional experiments and independent confirmation from other research groups, the Joint Working Party (JWP) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) officially recognized the GSI team as the discoverers of copernicium in May 2009.

The element was named after the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, who is famous for his heliocentric model of the solar system. The name copernicium was suggested by the GSI team, and was officially adopted by the IUPAC.

Since its discovery, copernicium has been the subject of ongoing research, with scientists seeking to better understand its properties and potential applications. While copernicium has no known biological role, it is an important element for scientists studying nuclear physics and chemistry.

Occurrence and production

Copernicium is not found naturally on Earth, and only small amounts have been produced in laboratories. It is a synthetic element that has to be produced in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators.

Copernicium can be produced by bombarding a target material, usually a heavy metal such as lead or bismuth, with high-energy particles, typically from a linear accelerator or cyclotron. The resulting nuclear reaction creates copernicium atoms, which can be detected and analyzed by specialized instruments. Copernicium has a very short half-life, so it can only be produced and studied in very small quantities before it decays into other elements. The most common method of producing copernicium is through the fusion of zinc-70 and lead-208, which was first used in 2003 to produce four atoms of copernicium.

Properties

Physical properties

Copernicium is expected to be dense, and has a silvery-white appearance.

It is predicted to have a high melting and boiling point due to its position below mercury in the periodic table.

Chemical properties

Copernicium is expected to be a highly reactive element, especially towards halogens and chalcogens.

It is predicted to have a strong tendency to form volatile compounds due to its expected electronic configuration.

Atomic and nuclear properties

Copernicium is a synthetic element, and all its isotopes are radioactive.

It has no stable isotopes, and the most stable known isotope is 285Cn, which has a half-life of around 30 seconds.

283Cn has a half-life of about 4 seconds, while 277Cn has a half-life of about 0.24 milliseconds.

Its atomic radius, electron affinity, and electronegativity are expected to be similar to those of mercury, due to their similar electron configurations.

Other properties

Copernicium is expected to have no significant biological role, due to its high radioactivity and short half-life.

Due to its extremely short half-life, copernicium has no practical applications, and its properties are mainly of scientific interest.

Note: These properties are based on theoretical calculations and extrapolations, and may be subject to revision as more experimental data becomes available.

Applications

Copernicium is a man-made element and is currently not used for any practical applications due to its extremely short half-life and high radioactivity. However, its study is important in the field of nuclear physics and chemistry, where it is used for understanding the nature of the strong force, which holds the nucleus of an atom together.

Fundamental research

Copernicium can be used as a tool for understanding the properties and behavior of heavy elements and their isotopes. Its study provides insights into the behavior of the nucleus at the extreme limits of atomic mass and stability.

Nuclear physics research

Copernicium can be used in experiments to study the structure and properties of the atomic nucleus, as well as to test various theoretical models.

Chemical research

Copernicium can be used in experiments to study the chemical properties and behavior of heavy elements and their compounds.

Medical research

Although copernicium is not used in medical applications, its study can provide insights into the behavior and effects of radiation on living organisms. This can help in developing better methods of radiation therapy and protection.

Interesting facts

Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a team of German scientists led by Sigurd Hofmann and Victor Ninov.

The element is named after astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

Copernicium is a highly radioactive element with a very short half-life, making it difficult to study its properties.

It is a member of the group 12 elements, also known as the zinc group.

Copernicium is believed to have similar chemical properties to zinc, cadmium, and mercury, although it is not known to occur naturally on Earth.

Due to its high radioactivity, copernicium has no known biological or industrial applications.

The discovery of copernicium was not officially recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) until 2009.

Copernicium has only been produced in very small quantities in the laboratory, and its properties are still being studied by scientists.

Copernicium is the heaviest element to have been synthesized in a laboratory so far, with an atomic number of 112.

In 2015, a team of scientists at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Germany successfully produced copernicium atoms using a new experimental setup, which may help to shed more light on the properties of this rare element.

Related

More elements

s block
p block
d block
f block
Barium Aluminium Bohrium Actinium
Beryllium Antimony Cadmium Americium
Caesium Argon Chromium Berkelium
Calcium Arsenic Cobalt Californium
Francium Astatine Copernicium Cerium
Helium Bismuth Copper Curium
Hydrogen Boron Darmstadtium Dysprosium
Lithium Bromine Dubnium Einsteinium
Magnesium Carbon Gold Erbium
Potassium Chlorine Hafnium Europium
Radium Flerovium Hassium Fermium
Rubidium Fluorine Iridium Gadolinium
Sodium Gallium Iron Holmium
Strontium Germanium Lawrencium Lanthanum
Indium Lutetium Mendelevium
Iodine Manganese Neodymium
Krypton Meitnerium Neptunium
Lead Mercury Nobelium
Livermorium Molybdenum Plutonium
Moscovium Nickel Praseodymium
Neon Niobium Promethium
Nihonium Osmium Protactinium
Nitrogen Palladium Samarium
Oganesson Platinum Terbium
Oxygen Rhenium Thorium
Phosphorus Rhodium Thulium
Polonium Roentgenium Uranium
Radon Ruthenium Ytterbium
Selenium Rutherfordium
Silicon Scandium
Sulfur Seaborgium
Tellurium Silver
Tennessine Tantalum
Thallium Technetium
Tin Titanium
Xenon Tungsten
Vanadium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium

External links

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Learnool.com was founded by Deep Rana, who is a mechanical engineer by profession and a blogger by passion. He has a good conceptual knowledge on different educational topics and he provides the same on this website. He loves to learn something new everyday and believes that the best utilization of free time is developing a new skill.

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