Nobelium (No) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the period 7, and has the atomic number 102. It is the fourteenth element in the actinide series. It is a silvery-white metal which is named after the Swedish chemist Alferd Nobel. It is the tenth transuranium element and is counted as one of the radioactive elements.
On periodic table
| group | ⇨ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| period | ⇩ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 H  Hydrogen |
2 He  Helium |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li  Lithium |
4 Be  Beryllium |
5 B  Boron |
6 C  Carbon |
7 N  Nitrogen |
8 O  Oxygen |
9 F  Fluorine |
10 Ne  Neon |
|||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na  Sodium |
12 Mg  Magnesium |
13 Al  Aluminium |
14 Si  Silicon |
15 P  Phosphorus |
16 S  Sulfur |
17 Cl  Chlorine |
18 Ar  Argon |
|||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K  Potassium |
20 Ca  Calcium |
21 Sc  Scandium |
22 Ti  Titanium |
23 V  Vanadium |
24 Cr  Chromium |
25 Mn  Manganese |
26 Fe  Iron |
27 Co  Cobalt |
28 Ni  Nickel |
29 Cu  Copper |
30 Zn  Zinc |
31 Ga  Gallium |
32 Ge  Germanium |
33 As  Arsenic |
34 Se  Selenium |
35 Br  Bromine |
36 Kr  Krypton |
|
| 5 | 37 Rb  Rubidium |
38 Sr  Strontium |
39 Y  Yttrium |
40 Zr  Zirconium |
41 Nb  Niobium |
42 Mo  Molybdenum |
43 Tc  Technetium |
44 Ru  Ruthenium |
45 Rh  Rhodium |
46 Pd  Palladium |
47 Ag  Silver |
48 Cd  Cadmium |
49 In  Indium |
50 Sn  Tin |
51 Sb  Antimony |
52 Te  Tellurium |
53 I  Iodine |
54 Xe  Xenon |
|
| 6 | 55 Cs  Caesium |
56 Ba  Barium |
72 Hf  Hafnium |
73 Ta  Tantalum |
74 W  Tungsten |
75 Re  Rhenium |
76 Os  Osmium |
77 Ir  Iridium |
78 Pt  Platinum |
79 Au  Gold |
80 Hg  Mercury |
81 Tl  Thallium |
82 Pb  Lead |
83 Bi  Bismuth |
84 Po  Polonium |
85 At  Astatine |
86 Rn  Radon |
||
| 7 | 87 Fr  Francium |
88 Ra  Radium |
104 Rf  Rutherfordium |
105 Db  Dubnium |
106 Sg  Seaborgium |
107 Bh  Bohrium |
108 Hs  Hassium |
109 Mt  Meitnerium |
110 Ds  Darmstadtium |
111 Rg  Roentgenium |
112 Cn  Copernicium |
113 Nh  Nihonium |
114 Fl  Flerovium |
115 Mc  Moscovium |
116 Lv  Livermorium |
117 Ts  Tennessine |
118 Og  Oganesson |
||
| 57 La  Lanthanum |
58 Ce  Cerium |
59 Pr  Praseodymium |
60 Nd  Neodymium |
61 Pm  Promethium |
62 Sm  Samarium |
63 Eu  Europium |
64 Gd  Gadolinium |
65 Tb  Terbium |
66 Dy  Dysprosium |
67 Ho  Holmium |
68 Er  Erbium |
69 Tm  Thulium |
70 Yb  Ytterbium |
71 Lu  Lutetium |
|||||
| 89 Ac  Actinium |
90 Th  Thorium |
91 Pa  Protactinium |
92 U  Uranium |
93 Np  Neptunium |
94 Pu  Plutonium |
95 Am  Americium |
96 Cm  Curium |
97 Bk  Berkelium |
98 Cf  Californium |
99 Es  Einsteinium |
100 Fm  Fermium |
101 Md  Mendelevium |
102 No Nobelium |
103 Lr  Lawrencium |
|||||
| – f block |
Nobelium is a member of the actinide series, a group of elements located at the bottom of the periodic table. It can be found in period 7, between mendelevium (Md) and lawrencium (Lr).
Element information
 |
|
| Origin of name | named after Swedish chemist Alferd Nobel |
| Symbol | No |
| Atomic number (Z) | 102 |
| Atomic mass | (259) |
| Block | f-block |
| Period | 7 |
| Classification | Actinide |
| Melting point | 827 ℃, 1521 ℉, 1100 K (predicted) |
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f14 7s2 |
| Learn how to write: Nobelium electron configuration | |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 |
| Crystal structure | Face-centered cubic (fcc) (predicted) |
| Phase at r.t | Solid (predicted) |
| Density near r.t | 9.94 g/cm3 (predicted) |
| Natural occurrence | Synthetic |
| Oxidation state | +2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling scale) | 1.3 (predicted) |
| Protons Neutrons Electrons |
102 157 102 |
| CAS number | 10028-14-5 |
| Discovered at | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in 1966 |
History
Nobelium was first synthesized in 1957 by a team of scientists led by Albert Ghiorso at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, USA. The team bombarded a target of curium-244 with helium ions, producing nobelium-254 through a series of nuclear reactions. However, the results were not immediately recognized as the discovery of a new element due to contamination issues and the difficulty of identifying the short-lived nobelium-254 isotope.
It wasn’t until 1966 that a team of Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, provided the first definitive report of nobelium’s detection. The Dubna team bombarded a target of curium-243 with neon ions to produce nobelium-254, which decayed through a series of alpha and spontaneous fission reactions. The team proposed the name “nobelium” in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and founder of the Nobel Prizes. However, the discovery was not officially recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) until 1993.
Since its discovery, nobelium has been produced in only small quantities and is one of the rarest and most expensive elements to obtain. Its short half-life and radioactive properties make it difficult to handle, and most of its chemical and physical properties are still not well understood due to its rarity and limited availability. Nobelium has no known biological role and has only limited applications, primarily in scientific research and in the study of nuclear reactions.
Occurrence and production
Nobelium is a synthetic element and is not found naturally on Earth. It can only be produced artificially by nuclear reactions. The production of nobelium involves the fusion of lighter elements to form heavier ones.
The most common method used to produce nobelium is the nuclear fusion of lighter elements. This process involves bombarding a target element with a beam of ions, resulting in the fusion of the nuclei of the two elements. The resulting compound nucleus is highly unstable and quickly decays, emitting alpha particles and other particles, and eventually reaching a stable state as nobelium.
The most commonly used target elements for the production of nobelium are curium-248 and americium-243. These elements have a high atomic number and can be easily obtained in significant quantities. In the production of nobelium, the target elements are bombarded with accelerated ions of lighter elements, typically calcium-48 or oxygen-18, to induce nuclear fusion reactions.
Nobelium is a highly radioactive element and has a very short half-life. The isotope with the longest half-life, nobelium-259, has a half-life of only 58 minutes. As a result, only small amounts of nobelium have ever been produced and studied, making it a highly valuable element for scientific research purposes.
Properties
Nobelium is a man-made element and is not found naturally in the environment.
The most stable isotope of nobelium is nobelium-259, which has a half-life of around 58 minutes.
Nobelium is a member of the actinide series of elements and is located in the seventh row of the periodic table.
The electronic configuration of nobelium is [Rn] 5f14 7s2.
It is a radioactive element and exhibits chemical properties similar to those of other actinides.
It has an estimated melting point of around 827 ℃ and its boiling point is unknown. These values have not been experimentally determined due to the difficulty in producing enough nobelium for study.
Nobelium is predicted to be a silvery-white metal with a density of around 9.94 g/cm3.
Due to its short half-life and radioactivity, very little is known about the physical and chemical properties of nobelium.
Applications
As of now, there are no commercial uses of nobelium due to its extremely short half-life and difficulty in producing significant amounts of the element. However, it has been used for scientific research purposes, particularly in the field of nuclear physics.
Due to its atomic structure and nuclear properties, nobelium can be used to study the nuclear structure and properties of other heavy elements.
The study of nobelium can lead to the development of new isotopes with practical applications in the future.
Although nobelium does not have any direct medical applications, its study can help in the development of new medical isotopes for imaging and treatment purposes.
The study of nobelium can help scientists better understand the behavior of heavy elements and the nature of the strong nuclear force, leading to further advancements in the field of nuclear physics.
Note: It is important to note that nobelium is a highly radioactive element and must be handled with extreme caution in any research or industrial application.
Interesting facts
Nobelium was named after Alfred Nobel, the Swedish chemist who invented dynamite and established the Nobel Prizes.
Nobelium is one of the few elements that has no known stable isotopes. Its most stable isotope, nobelium-259, has a half-life of just 58 minutes.
Nobelium has only been produced in extremely small amounts, making it one of the rarest elements on earth.
The production of nobelium requires nuclear reactors, and it can only be made by bombarding lighter elements with heavy ions in a process known as nuclear fusion.
Due to its radioactivity and short half-life, nobelium has no practical applications outside of scientific research.
The exact boiling and melting points of nobelium are unknown, as it has only been produced in such small amounts that it has not been possible to conduct extensive experiments on its physical properties.
Nobelium is highly unstable and rapidly decays, emitting alpha particles and gamma rays.
The discovery of nobelium was not officially recognized until 1997, over 30 years after it was first synthesized. This was due to a dispute between Soviet and American scientists over who had discovered the element first.
Nobelium is classified as a transuranium element, meaning that it has an atomic number greater than that of uranium, the heaviest naturally occurring element.
Scientists believe that nobelium has very little practical use, and its main value lies in furthering our understanding of the fundamental nature of matter.
Related
More elements
External links
- https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/102/nobelium
- https://www.britannica.com/science/nobelium
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium
- https://study.com/learn/lesson/nobelium-element-properties-facts-uses.html
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Nobelium
- https://www.chemicool.com/elements/nobelium.html
- https://www.livescience.com/40416-facts-about-nobelium.html
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