Hassium (Hs) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 8 and the period 7, and has the atomic number 108. It is a silvery-white transition metal, which is named after the German state Hesse, where it was first made. It is a transuranium element and is counted as one of the radioactive elements.
On periodic table
| group | ⇨ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| period | ⇩ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 H  Hydrogen |
2 He  Helium |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li  Lithium |
4 Be  Beryllium |
5 B  Boron |
6 C  Carbon |
7 N  Nitrogen |
8 O  Oxygen |
9 F  Fluorine |
10 Ne  Neon |
|||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na  Sodium |
12 Mg  Magnesium |
13 Al  Aluminium |
14 Si  Silicon |
15 P  Phosphorus |
16 S  Sulfur |
17 Cl  Chlorine |
18 Ar  Argon |
|||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K  Potassium |
20 Ca  Calcium |
21 Sc  Scandium |
22 Ti  Titanium |
23 V  Vanadium |
24 Cr  Chromium |
25 Mn  Manganese |
26 Fe  Iron |
27 Co  Cobalt |
28 Ni  Nickel |
29 Cu  Copper |
30 Zn  Zinc |
31 Ga  Gallium |
32 Ge  Germanium |
33 As  Arsenic |
34 Se  Selenium |
35 Br  Bromine |
36 Kr  Krypton |
|
| 5 | 37 Rb  Rubidium |
38 Sr  Strontium |
39 Y  Yttrium |
40 Zr  Zirconium |
41 Nb  Niobium |
42 Mo  Molybdenum |
43 Tc  Technetium |
44 Ru  Ruthenium |
45 Rh  Rhodium |
46 Pd  Palladium |
47 Ag  Silver |
48 Cd  Cadmium |
49 In  Indium |
50 Sn  Tin |
51 Sb  Antimony |
52 Te  Tellurium |
53 I  Iodine |
54 Xe  Xenon |
|
| 6 | 55 Cs  Caesium |
56 Ba  Barium |
72 Hf  Hafnium |
73 Ta  Tantalum |
74 W  Tungsten |
75 Re  Rhenium |
76 Os  Osmium |
77 Ir  Iridium |
78 Pt  Platinum |
79 Au  Gold |
80 Hg  Mercury |
81 Tl  Thallium |
82 Pb  Lead |
83 Bi  Bismuth |
84 Po  Polonium |
85 At  Astatine |
86 Rn  Radon |
||
| 7 | 87 Fr  Francium |
88 Ra  Radium |
104 Rf  Rutherfordium |
105 Db  Dubnium |
106 Sg  Seaborgium |
107 Bh  Bohrium |
108 Hs Hassium |
109 Mt  Meitnerium |
110 Ds  Darmstadtium |
111 Rg  Roentgenium |
112 Cn  Copernicium |
113 Nh  Nihonium |
114 Fl  Flerovium |
115 Mc  Moscovium |
116 Lv  Livermorium |
117 Ts  Tennessine |
118 Og  Oganesson |
||
| 57 La  Lanthanum |
58 Ce  Cerium |
59 Pr  Praseodymium |
60 Nd  Neodymium |
61 Pm  Promethium |
62 Sm  Samarium |
63 Eu  Europium |
64 Gd  Gadolinium |
65 Tb  Terbium |
66 Dy  Dysprosium |
67 Ho  Holmium |
68 Er  Erbium |
69 Tm  Thulium |
70 Yb  Ytterbium |
71 Lu  Lutetium |
|||||
| 89 Ac  Actinium |
90 Th  Thorium |
91 Pa  Protactinium |
92 U  Uranium |
93 Np  Neptunium |
94 Pu  Plutonium |
95 Am  Americium |
96 Cm  Curium |
97 Bk  Berkelium |
98 Cf  Californium |
99 Es  Einsteinium |
100 Fm  Fermium |
101 Md  Mendelevium |
102 No  Nobelium |
103 Lr  Lawrencium |
|||||
| – d block |
Hassium is a d-block element, situated in the eighth column and the seventh row of the periodic table, denoted by the atomic number 106 and chemical symbol Hs.
Element information
 |
|
| Origin of name | named after German state Hesse |
| Symbol | Hs |
| Atomic number (Z) | 108 |
| Atomic mass | (269) |
| Block | d-block |
| Group | 8 |
| Period | 7 |
| Classification | Transition metal |
| Atomic radius | 126 pm (estimated) |
| Covalent radius | 141 pm (estimated) |
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 |
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (predicted) |
| Phase at r.t | Solid (predicted) |
| Density near r.t | 27-29 g/cm3 (predicted) |
| Natural occurrence | Synthetic |
| Oxidation state | +3 (predicted), +4 (predicted), +8 |
| Protons Neutrons Electrons |
108 161 108 |
| CAS number | 54037-57-9 |
| Discovered at | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in 1984 |
History
Hassium was first synthesized in 1984 by a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg. The element was named after the Latin name for the German state of Hesse, where the institute in which the element was discovered, the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), is located.
The discovery of hassium was a collaborative effort between several research groups around the world. The German team used a heavy-ion accelerator to produce the element by bombarding a lead target with accelerated nuclei of iron-58. The resulting fusion reaction produced a few atoms of hassium-265, which decayed quickly by emitting alpha particles to become darmstadtium-261.
The discovery of hassium was not confirmed until 1986 when researchers at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, were able to independently reproduce the synthesis of the element. Since then, more experiments have been conducted to study the properties of hassium, including its chemical and physical characteristics.
Occurrence and production
Hassium is an artificially produced element and does not occur naturally on Earth. It can be produced through nuclear reactions involving fusion of two lighter nuclei. The most common method used for its production is through nuclear fusion of lead-208 and iron-58 isotopes. This reaction leads to the formation of hassium-265 along with the release of three neutrons. The production of hassium is a challenging process, and only a few atoms have been produced to date.
The first production of hassium was achieved by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, in 1984. Since then, many other laboratories around the world have produced hassium, including the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States. The production of hassium requires the use of sophisticated and expensive equipment and techniques, such as heavy ion accelerators and detectors. These techniques are essential for identifying and studying the properties of hassium.
Properties
Hassium is a synthetic element and its most stable isotope has a half-life of only 9.7 seconds.
It is a member of the group 8 elements and is expected to have properties similar to its lighter congener osmium.
Hassium is predicted to have a solid state at room temperature and to be a dense metal with a silver-white color.
Due to its extreme rarity, there is no practical application for hassium at present, and its properties are still being studied by scientists.
Hassium is a highly reactive metal and is expected to form various chemical compounds with oxygen, halogens, and other elements.
Hassium has not been found naturally on Earth and is produced artificially by bombarding lighter elements with atomic nuclei in a particle accelerator.
The most stable isotopes of hassium are 269Hs, 270Hs, and 277Hs, and these isotopes are used in scientific research to study the properties of the element.
Applications
Hassium is a highly radioactive element that is currently only used for scientific research purposes.
Nuclear physics research
Hassium is mainly used for nuclear physics research to study the properties and behavior of heavy and superheavy elements.
Scientists study the chemical and physical properties of hassium to better understand the nature of atomic nuclei and to further explore the theoretical predictions of nuclear physics.
Production of other heavy elements
Hassium is used in the production of other heavy elements through nuclear fusion reactions. By bombarding target elements with accelerated nuclei of lighter elements, scientists can create new elements, including those with atomic numbers greater than that of hassium.
Investigating the stability of superheavy nuclei
Hassium is also used to investigate the stability of superheavy nuclei. Scientists use advanced technologies to measure the radioactive decay properties of hassium isotopes and their daughter products to determine their half-lives and nuclear decay modes.
This information is essential to understanding the stability and properties of superheavy nuclei, which could have important applications in future technologies.
Interesting facts
Hassium is named after the German state of Hesse, where it was first synthesized.
It is a synthetic element and does not occur naturally on Earth.
Hassium is one of the heaviest elements, is classified as a transactinide element, and is located in the periodic table’s seventh period and d-block.
Hassium has a very short half-life, ranging from a few milliseconds to seconds, and is highly radioactive.
It can only be produced in small quantities, making it challenging to study its properties and potential applications.
Research on hassium is ongoing, and scientists hope to gain a better understanding of its properties and potential uses in the future.
Related
More elements
External links
- https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/108/hassium
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassium
- https://www.britannica.com/science/hassium
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Hassium
- https://www.chemicool.com/elements/hassium.html
- https://www.livescience.com/40757-facts-about-hassium.html
- https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele108.html
Deep
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