Meitnerium (Mt) is a chemical element of the periodic table, located in the group 9 and the period 7, and has the atomic number 109. It is named after the Austrian-Swedish physicist, Lise Meitner. It is a transuranium element and is counted as one of the radioactive elements.
On periodic table
| group | ⇨ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| period | ⇩ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 H  Hydrogen |
2 He  Helium |
|||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 Li  Lithium |
4 Be  Beryllium |
5 B  Boron |
6 C  Carbon |
7 N  Nitrogen |
8 O  Oxygen |
9 F  Fluorine |
10 Ne  Neon |
|||||||||||
| 3 | 11 Na  Sodium |
12 Mg  Magnesium |
13 Al  Aluminium |
14 Si  Silicon |
15 P  Phosphorus |
16 S  Sulfur |
17 Cl  Chlorine |
18 Ar  Argon |
|||||||||||
| 4 | 19 K  Potassium |
20 Ca  Calcium |
21 Sc  Scandium |
22 Ti  Titanium |
23 V  Vanadium |
24 Cr  Chromium |
25 Mn  Manganese |
26 Fe  Iron |
27 Co  Cobalt |
28 Ni  Nickel |
29 Cu  Copper |
30 Zn  Zinc |
31 Ga  Gallium |
32 Ge  Germanium |
33 As  Arsenic |
34 Se  Selenium |
35 Br  Bromine |
36 Kr  Krypton |
|
| 5 | 37 Rb  Rubidium |
38 Sr  Strontium |
39 Y  Yttrium |
40 Zr  Zirconium |
41 Nb  Niobium |
42 Mo  Molybdenum |
43 Tc  Technetium |
44 Ru  Ruthenium |
45 Rh  Rhodium |
46 Pd  Palladium |
47 Ag  Silver |
48 Cd  Cadmium |
49 In  Indium |
50 Sn  Tin |
51 Sb  Antimony |
52 Te  Tellurium |
53 I  Iodine |
54 Xe  Xenon |
|
| 6 | 55 Cs  Caesium |
56 Ba  Barium |
72 Hf  Hafnium |
73 Ta  Tantalum |
74 W  Tungsten |
75 Re  Rhenium |
76 Os  Osmium |
77 Ir  Iridium |
78 Pt  Platinum |
79 Au  Gold |
80 Hg  Mercury |
81 Tl  Thallium |
82 Pb  Lead |
83 Bi  Bismuth |
84 Po  Polonium |
85 At  Astatine |
86 Rn  Radon |
||
| 7 | 87 Fr  Francium |
88 Ra  Radium |
104 Rf  Rutherfordium |
105 Db  Dubnium |
106 Sg  Seaborgium |
107 Bh  Bohrium |
108 Hs  Hassium |
109 Mt Meitnerium |
110 Ds  Darmstadtium |
111 Rg  Roentgenium |
112 Cn  Copernicium |
113 Nh  Nihonium |
114 Fl  Flerovium |
115 Mc  Moscovium |
116 Lv  Livermorium |
117 Ts  Tennessine |
118 Og  Oganesson |
||
| 57 La  Lanthanum |
58 Ce  Cerium |
59 Pr  Praseodymium |
60 Nd  Neodymium |
61 Pm  Promethium |
62 Sm  Samarium |
63 Eu  Europium |
64 Gd  Gadolinium |
65 Tb  Terbium |
66 Dy  Dysprosium |
67 Ho  Holmium |
68 Er  Erbium |
69 Tm  Thulium |
70 Yb  Ytterbium |
71 Lu  Lutetium |
|||||
| 89 Ac  Actinium |
90 Th  Thorium |
91 Pa  Protactinium |
92 U  Uranium |
93 Np  Neptunium |
94 Pu  Plutonium |
95 Am  Americium |
96 Cm  Curium |
97 Bk  Berkelium |
98 Cf  Californium |
99 Es  Einsteinium |
100 Fm  Fermium |
101 Md  Mendelevium |
102 No  Nobelium |
103 Lr  Lawrencium |
|||||
| – d block |
Meitnerium is a d-block element, situated in the ninth column and the seventh row of the periodic table, denoted by the atomic number 109 and chemical symbol Mt.
Element information
 |
|
| Origin of name | named after Austrian-Swedish physicist, Lise Meitner |
| Symbol | Mt |
| Atomic number (Z) | 109 |
| Atomic mass | (278) |
| Block | d-block |
| Group | 9 |
| Period | 7 |
| Classification | Unknown chemical properties |
| Atomic radius | 128 pm (predicted) |
| Covalent radius | 129 pm (estimated) |
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (predicted) |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (predicted) |
| Crystal structure | Face-centered cubic (fcc) (predicted) |
| Phase at r.t | Solid (predicted) |
| Density near r.t | 27-28 g/cm3 (predicted) |
| Natural occurrence | Synthetic |
| Oxidation state | +1 (predicted), +3 (predicted), +6 (predicted) |
| Protons Neutrons Electrons |
109 169 109 |
| CAS number | 54038-01-6 |
| Discovered at | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in 1982 |
History
Meitnerium is named after Lise Meitner, an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was one of the co-discoverers of nuclear fission. Meitnerium was first synthesized in 1982 by a team of German researchers led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany.
The team used a heavy-ion accelerator to bombard a target of bismuth-209 with iron-58 ions. After several weeks of bombardment, they were able to detect four atoms of meitnerium by measuring the alpha decay of its daughter isotopes. The discovery was later confirmed by a team of Russian scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, who used a similar method to synthesize meitnerium.
The discovery of meitnerium was part of a larger effort to synthesize elements beyond the transuranium elements, which are elements with atomic numbers greater than 92. The synthesis of meitnerium was significant because it demonstrated that the production of superheavy elements with atomic numbers greater than 100 was possible. Since its discovery, only small amounts of meitnerium have been produced in laboratories, and its properties are not well known due to its short half-life and difficulty of production.
Occurrence and production
Meitnerium is a synthetic element and does not occur naturally in the environment. Meitnerium can only be produced in a laboratory setting through nuclear reactions.
Meitnerium is produced through nuclear reactions using fusion of a lighter nucleus with a heavier one. The most common method of producing meitnerium is through the fusion of bismuth-209 with a high-energy beam of a lighter element, typically iron. This process requires a heavy-ion accelerator to provide the necessary energy for the fusion reaction.
The synthesis of meitnerium is a difficult process, and only a few atoms have ever been produced. Meitnerium is a highly unstable element with a very short half-life, and its properties are not well understood. The study of meitnerium and other superheavy elements is an active area of research in nuclear physics.
Properties
Physical properties
Meitnerium is expected to be solid at room temperature, with a melting point between 1000-2000 ℃, and a boiling point of around 3000 ℃.
It is predicted to be a dense, silvery-white element that belongs to the group of unknown chemical properties in the periodic table.
Chemical properties
Meitnerium is a highly reactive and unstable element that is expected to react with most nonmetals, especially halogens, and form various compounds.
Its most stable oxidation state is predicted to be +3, but it may also exist in other oxidation states like +1 and +6.
Atomic properties
Meitnerium has an atomic number of 109 and an atomic weight of 278. Its electronic configuration is predicted to be [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2, which places it in the d-block of the periodic table.
The element has only been produced in small quantities, and its properties have not been fully characterized.
Nuclear properties
Meitnerium is a man-made element, and many of its isotopes are radioactive.
The most stable isotope is Meitnerium-278, which has a half-life of approximately 7.6 seconds.
The element is produced by bombarding lighter nuclei with heavier ones in a particle accelerator, and its short half-life makes it difficult to study its properties in detail.
Applications
Unfortunately, there are no known applications for meitnerium at this time. As a synthetic and highly unstable element, it has no practical uses beyond its study and research in the field of nuclear physics.
Interesting facts
Meitnerium was named after the Austrian physicist Lise Meitner, who was known for her work on nuclear physics and radioactivity.
It is a highly unstable and radioactive element, with a very short half-life. Its most stable isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of only 7.6 seconds.
Meitnerium is classified as a transactinide element, which refers to elements that have an atomic number greater than 103 and are located beyond actinium (atomic number 89) on the periodic table.
It is believed that meitnerium has similar chemical properties to its group 9 neighbors, cobalt, rhodium, and iridium.
Meitnerium has not yet been produced in sufficient quantities to have any practical applications, but its study provides valuable insights into the behavior of heavy and superheavy elements.
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Related
More elements
External links
- https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/109/meitnerium
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium
- https://www.britannica.com/science/meitnerium
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Meitnerium
- https://www.chemicool.com/elements/meitnerium.html
- https://www.thoughtco.com/meitnerium-facts-mt-or-element-109-3865911
- https://www.webelements.com/meitnerium/
- https://www.livescience.com/41303-facts-about-meitnerium.html
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